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SLSBio12excretorySJ
SLSBio12excretorysystemSJ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| antidiuretic hormone ADH | a hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland that constricts small blood vessels and increases the absorption of water by the kidney. |
| adrenal cortex | produces steroid hormones which regulate carbohydrate and fat metabolism and mineralocorticoid hormones which regulate salt and water balance in the body. |
| afferent arterioles | enters the glomerulus at the vascular pole and divides into capillaries which subsequently merge to form efferent arterioles. |
| efferent arterioles | derived from the glomerular capillaries in the renal glomeruli, these arterioles exit from the glomerulus at its vascular pole. |
| aldosterone | a corticosteroid hormone that stimulates absorption of sodium by the kidneys and so regulates water and salt balance. |
| bowman's capsule | a capsule-shaped membranous structure surrounding the glomerulus of each nephron in the kidneys of mammals that extracts wastes, excess salts, and water from the blood. |
| collecting duct(tubule) | the part of a nephron that collects the urine from the distal convoluted tubule and discharges it into the pelvis of the kidney. |
| glomerulus | a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood. |
| homeostasis | the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes. |
| hypothalamus | a region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity. |
| kidney | each of a pair of organs in the abdominal cavity of mammals, birds, and reptiles, excreting urine. |
| loop of henle | the part of a kidney tubule that forms a long loop in the medulla of the kidney, from which water and salts are resorbed into the blood. |
| metabolic waste | are left over substances from excretory processes |
| nephron | each of the functional units in the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and its associated tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine. |
| nitrogenous waste | Animal wastes (particularly urine) that contain materials high in nitrogen content. |
| osmotic gradient | the difference in concentration between two solutions on either side of a semipermeable membrane, and is used to tell the difference in percentages of the concentration of a specific particle dissolved in a solution. |
| peritubular capillary network | tiny blood vessels that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron. |
| posterior pituitary | the posterior lobe of the pituitary body; primarily glandular in nature |
| pressure filtration | the net driving force which pushes fluid into tissue spaces and out of vascular sites; the net result between capillary osmotic pressure and intravascular hydrostatic pressure. |
| proximal convoluted tubules | the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. |
| distal convoluted tubules | portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system. |
| reabsorption of water | The act or process of absorbing again, as the selective absorption by the kidneys of substances (glucose, proteins, sodium, etc.) already secreted into the renal tubules and their return to the circulating blood. |
| renal cortex | the kidney containing the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules |
| renal medulla | the inner part of the kidney substance, composed chiefly of collecting elements, Henle's loops, and vasa recta, organized grossly into pyramids. |
| renal pelvis | a small funnel-shaped cavity of the kidney into which urine is discharged before passing into the ureter |
| selective reabsorption | process that takes place in proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney, allows important constituents in the glomerular fluid to be selectively absorbed back in the body. compounds include glucose, amino acids, vitamins, water that were initially removed |
| tubular excretion | excretion of (filtrate, now urine) from the collecting duct of a nephron |
| urea | a colorless crystalline compound that is the main nitrogenous breakdown product of protein metabolism in mammals and is excreted in urine. |
| ureter | the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder or cloaca. |
| c | the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen. |
| urinary bladder | a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine |
| urine | a yellowish fluid stored in the bladder and discharged through the urethra. one of the body's means of eliminating excess water and salt and also contains nitrogen compounds such as urea and other waste substances removed from the blood by the kidneys. |
Created by:
sjackson2
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