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APES 4th Quarter Voc

TermDefinition
Famine Extreme scarcity of food.
Overnutrition form of malnutrition in which nutrients are oversupplied relative to the amounts required for normal growth, development, and metabolism.
Polyculture the simultaneous cultivation or exploitation of several crops or kinds of animals.
Soil Erosion the washing or blowing away (by wind or water) of the top layer of soil (dirt).
Genetically engineered food foods produced from organisms that have had specific changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.
Integrated pest management ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties.
Subsistence vs. intensive agriculture Subsistence is to farm only enough to provide the family. Intensive uses modern tech to increase farming amount to sell, give, etc.
Organic agriculture production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects.
Old-growth forest Old-growth forests are natural forests that have developed over a long period of time, generally at least 120 years (DNR definition and consistent with definitions for the eastern United States), without experiencing severe, stand-replacing disturbance
Deforestation clearing of trees, transforming a forest into cleared land. The first step in turning the wilderness into a shopping center is deforestation.
Restoration the action of returning something to a former owner, place, or condition.
Overfishing deplete the stock of fish in (a body of water) by too much fishing.
Irrigation artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall.
National forests a large expanse of forest that is owned, maintained, and preserved by the federal government.
Tree plantations Large plantation of trees in an area to be maintained and reduce pollution
ICPP The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments.
Kyoto Protocol international treaty among industrialized nations that sets mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions.
Montreal Protocol international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
Glacial and interglacial periods Glacial is the interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods.
Environmental Impact Statement report addressing the potential effects on the environment of a proposed federal government project. These statements are required by Section 102(2) (C) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and are reviewed by the EPA
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals.
NGOs highly diverse group of organizations engaged with a wide range of activities, and take different forms in different parts of the world
Environmental ethics discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to, and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its nonhuman contents.
Planetary management intentional global-scale management of Earth's biological, chemical and physical processes and cycles (water, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and others).
Stewardship worldview theological belief that humans are responsible for the world, and should take care of it.
Environmental Wisdom believe that we are all a part of and totally dependent on nature. Nature exists for the good of all species and we must include them as we create management plans
Deep ecology worldview argues that the natural world is a subtle balance of complex inter-relationships in which the existence of organisms is dependent on the existence of others within ecosystems.
Earth Charter The Earth Charter Initiative is the collective name for the global network of people, organizations, and institutions who participate in promoting the Earth Charter, and in implementing its principles in practice.
Biological pollution biopollution, is a term that defines adverse effects of invasive alien species (IAS) on quality of aquatic and terrestrial environment.
Endangered Species Act Aims to protect endangered and threatened species
Natural Capital stock of natural ecosystems that yields a flow of valuable ecosystem goods or services into the future. It is the extension of the economic notion of capital (manufactured means of production) to goods and services relating to the natural environment.
Eco-economies referred to as both a transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field of academic research that aims to address the interdependence and coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems over time and space.
Ecological services Humankind benefits in a multitude of ways from ecosystems. Collectively, these benefits are known as ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are regularly involved in the provisioning of clean drinking water and the decomposition of wastes.
Nonuse values The concept of non-use value refers to the value that people assign to economic goods even if they never have and never will use it. It is distinguished from use value, which people derive from direct use of the good.
Cost-benefit analysis defined as a systematic process for calculating and comparing benefits and costs of a project, decision or government policy (hereafter, "project"). Broadly, CBA has 2 purposes:To determine if it is a sound investment/decision (justification/feasibility),
Green taxes excise taxes on environmental pollutants or on goods whose use produces such pollutants.
Cap-and-Trade market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. A central authority sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted.
Micro lending Microcredit is the extension of very small loans to impoverished borrowers who typically lack collateral, steady employment and a verifiable credit history.
Muhammad Yunus Bangladeshi banker, economist and Nobel Peace Prize recipient. As a professor of economics, he developed the concepts of microcredit and microfinance. These loans are given to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans.
Triple bottom line refers to an extension of the criteria used to measure organisational success. Traditionally, business success (or failure) is measured in terms of its economic performance.
Environmental Policy refers to the commitment of an organization to the laws, regulations, and other policy mechanisms concerning environmental issues and sustainability.
Lobbying seek to influence (a politician or public official) on an issue.
NEPA National Environmental Policy Act is a United States environmental law that established a U.S. national policy promoting the enhancement of the environment and also established the President's Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ).
Biodiversity Hotspots region that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction. The term biodiversity hotspot specifically refers to 25 biologically rich areas around the world that have lost at least 70 percent of their original habitat.
Wetlands land consisting of marshes or swamps; saturated lands.
Created by: Gregory Wang
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