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LD BIO CH 10
LD BIO CH 10 BLOOD AND IMMUNITY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| PLATELETS | Cell fragments involved in clotting; cell fragments in blood for only 10 days; collect around cut, edges burst cell & cause chemical reactions |
| SICKLE CELLS | Abnormal shaped cells that carry less oxygen and clot blood vessels |
| PLASMA | Liquid part of the blood; fluid portion of blood (55%); Regulates water entering and leaving; has antibodies; help blood clot |
| LYMPHOCYTES | White blood cells which produce antibodies |
| ANTIGENS | Foreign molecules in the body |
| FIBRIN | Strands of protein involved in clotting |
| HEMOGLOBIN | Iron-containing molecule in red blood cells |
| ANTIBODIES | React with antigens and inactivates them |
| ANEMIA | Condition in which the blood cannot carry sufficient oxygen |
| LEUKEMIA | Cancer of the bone marrow |
| LYMPHATIC SYSTEM | Returns tissue fluid to the blood |
| RBC | Erythrocytes; lives 120 days, Has nucleus but as it matures nucleus vanishes; made in bone marrow; destroyed in liver & spleen; has hemoglobin (O2 - binds to it, contains iron) |
| WBC | Leukocytes; Outnumbers 500 RBC to 1 WBC; Larger than RBC; Made in bone marrow & kept in nucleus; live for a few hours, months, years; Attack invaders by engulfing them the hydrolyzing them; also create antibodies |
| TRANSPORT IN HUMANS | Closed Circulatory system, four chambered heart pumps blood through vessels. Has hemoglobin in RBC to carry O2. |
| SEPTUM | Separates the deoxygenated blood from the oxygenated blood; separates the right and left side of the heart |
| ARTERIES | Carry blood away from heart, thick & elastic walls. No valves. Aorta --> Arteries --> Arterioles |
| VEINS | Carry blood to the heart, thin walls, not elastic, has valves. Vena cava, veins, venules |
| CAPILLARIES | Connects small arteries to small veins, single layer of epithelial cells; smallest arteries in the body |
| ATHEROSCLEROSIS | Hardening of the arteries due to deposits of cholesterol, causing high blood pressure (hypertension). |
| PERICARDIUM | The tough membrane surrounding the heart for its for protection. |
| HEART | Made of cardiac muscle tissue; located in the thoracic cavity |
| BLOOD PRESSURE | Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the arteries |
| 120/80 | Normal Resting Heart Beat |
| SYSTOLE | Strong ventricular contraction |
| DIASTOLE | Relaxation period |
| STETHOSCOPE | Sound from the heart can be heard on. A lub-dub sound in made. Lub from the closing of the atrioventricle valves and dub from the closing of the semilunar valves. |
| SINOATRIAL (S-A) | AKA the pacemaker. Contractions of the atria begin when a signal is sent from the S-A node. Almost immediately the impulse reaches the atrioventricle node or A-V node and causes the ventricles to contract. |
| ECG or EKG | Abnormalities are detected using this machine which measures the current from S-A and A-V nodes |
| HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE | Hypertension; caused by stress, smoking, excess salt, heredity, diet, age, narrowing of arteries. |
| CORONARY THROMBOSIS | Caused by blockage in an coronary artery by blood clot (Heart Attack) |
| LEUKEMIA | Caused by a high # of WBC |
| ANGINA PECTORIS | Caused by narrowing of coronary arteries (Heart Attack) |
| ANEMIA | Caused by low RBC |
| PULMONARY CIRCULATION | Circulation between heart and lungs |
| SYSTEMATIC CIRCULATION | Between heart & rest of body |
| HEPATIC PORTAL | Blood circulates to the liver & regulates homeostasis with blood sugar. Stores sugar as glycogen. |
| RENAL | Brings blood wastes to the kidneys to be filtered. |
| CORONARY | Aorta branches to the heart muscles to provide blood rich in Oxygen and nutrients. |
| AORTA | Largest artery in the body |
| PULSE | Pumping of blood through the body |
| SUPERIOR VENACAVA | Vessel that returns blood from the head and neck to the right atrium of the heart |
| INFERIOR VENACAVA | Vessel that returns blood from the lower portion of the body to the right atrium of the heart |
| CAROTID ARTERY | Serves the head |
| SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY | Serves the arms |
| FEMORAL ARTERY | Serves the thigh |
| TIBIAL ARTERY | Serves the posteriorly |
| HEPATIC ARTERY | Serves the liver |
| GASTRIC ARTERY | Serves the stomach |
| MESENTERIC ARTERY | Serves the Mesentery |
| RENAL ARTERY | Serves the Kidneys |
| LYMPHATIC SYSTEM | Filters bacteria & dead cells from lymph at nodes and spleen |
| ICF | Intercellular fluid - help moves materials between blood and body cells. Consists of water, salts, proteins & nutirents |
| RECIPIENT A | DONOR A, O |
| RECIPIENT B | DONOR B, O |
| RECIPIENT AB | DONOR A, B, O |
| RECIPIENT O | DONOR O |
| T-CELL | Comes in contact & recognizes, divides making memory T-cells & killer T-cells. Bind with antigen & if virus enters again memory T-cells will respond again only faster |
| B-CELL | Comes in contact & recognizes, divides making plasma cells which make antibodies & memory B cell which remember |
| ACTIVE IMMUNITY | Body makes antibodies because you have the disease & received a vaccinations (small doses of the weakened or dead disease are injected into a person to stimulate immune response). |
| PASSIVE IMMUNITY | Getting antibodies from another source (temporary) - mother gives to baby & remove antibodies from a vaccinated horse and put in a human. |
| IMMUNE DISORDER | Allergies, AIDS, Autoimmune Disease, Arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, Lupus, Cancer |
| ALLERGIES | overly sensitive to allergens (dust, feathers, pet hair, pollen),,,, |
| HISTAMINES | Chemicals that cause the symptoms |
| ANTIHISTAMINES | Relieve symptoms |
| AIDS | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Caused by HIV which attack helper T-Cells |
| AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE | When body produces antibodies against itself |
| ARTHRITIS | Causes inflammation & crippling of the joints |
| MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS | Anti-bodies attack nerve cells |
| LUPUS | Antibodies attack organs |
| CANCER | Cells multiply uncontrollably; Killer T-cells attacking a tumor |
| RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | The body system responsible for getting oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide and water from the circulatory system |
| RESPIRE | We inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide and water vapor. The pulmonary artery brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs (alveoli) and exchanges it for oxygenated blood which is brought back to the heart by the pulmonary vein |
| AMEBAS RESPIRE | Diffusion |
| HYDRAS RESPIRE | Diffusion |
| DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | Asthma, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Pneumonia & Lung Cancer |
| ASTHMA | Severe allergic reaction causes wheezing, coughing, and breathing difficulties. Bronchioles go into spasms squeezing the air passages. |
| BRONCHITIS | The linings of the bronchial tubes become irritated and swollen. Passageways to the alveoli may swell and clog with mucus. Causes severe coughing and is hard to breathe. It is more common in smokers than nonsmokers |
| EMPHYSEMA | Lungs lose their elasticity. Walls of the alveoli are damaged, making the respiratory surface area smaller. Causes shortness of breath. Damage cannot be reversed. |
| PNEUMONIA | Condition in which the alveoli become filled with fluid. Prevents gas exchange. |
| LUNG CANCER | Tumors (masses of tissue caused by uncontrolled cell division) form in the lungs. |
| LARYNX | Vocal Cords |
| DIAPHRAGM | Large muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| ALVEOLI | The respiratory surface which are only one cell thick |
| BRONCHI | Two sub-divisions of the trachea that enter the lungs |
Created by:
desilva13
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