One or more layers of specialized epithelial cells that regulate solute movements.

Simple nitrogen compounds produced by the metabolism of proteins, such as urea and uric acid.

A small, very toxic molecule made up of three hydrogen atoms and one nitrogen atom; produced by nitrogen fixation and as a metabolic waste product of protein and nucleic acid metabolism.

A soluble nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals, most adult amphibians, and many marine fishes and turtles; produced in the liver by a metabolic cycle that combines ammonia with carbon dioxide.

An insoluble precipitate of nitrogenous waste excreted by land snails, insects, birds, and some reptiles.

In the vertebrate kidney, the extraction of water and small solutes, including metabolic wastes, from the blood by the nephrons.

Fluid extracted by the excretory system from the blood or body cavity. The excretory system produces urine from the filtrate after extracting valuable solutes from it and concentrating it.

SELECTIVE REABSORPTION

The selective uptake of solutes from a filtrate of blood, coelomic fluid, or hemolymph in the excretory organs of animals.

(1) The discharge of molecules synthesized by a cell. (2) In the vertebrate kidney, the discharge of wastes from the blood into the filtrate from the nephron tubules.

The disposal of nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism.

The blood vessel bringing blood to the kidney.

The blood vessel draining the kidney.

A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

The pouch where urine is stored prior to elimination.

A tube that releases urine from the body near the vagina in females and through the penis in males; also serves in males as the exit tube for the reproductive system.

The outer portion of the vertebrate kidney.

The inner portion of the vertebrate kidney, beneath the renal cortex.

The tubular excretory unit of the vertebrate kidney.

DESCENDING AND ASCENDING LIMB OF THE LOOP OF HENLE

The long hairpin turn, with a descending and ascending limb, of the renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney; functions in water and salt reabsorption.

The location in the kidney where filtrate from renal tubules is collected; the filtrate is now called urine.

Funnel-shaped chamber that receives processed filtrate from the kidney collecting ducts and is drained by the ureter.

Nephrons located almost entirely in the renal cortex. These nephrons have a reduced loop of Henle.

JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRONS

Nephrons with well-developed loops of Henle that extend deeply into the renal medulla.

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Question	Answer
TRANSPORT EPITHELIUM	One or more layers of specialized epithelial cells that regulate solute movements.
NITROGENOUS WASTES	Simple nitrogen compounds produced by the metabolism of proteins, such as urea and uric acid.
AMMONIA	A small, very toxic molecule made up of three hydrogen atoms and one nitrogen atom; produced by nitrogen fixation and as a metabolic waste product of protein and nucleic acid metabolism.
UREA	A soluble nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals, most adult amphibians, and many marine fishes and turtles; produced in the liver by a metabolic cycle that combines ammonia with carbon dioxide.
URIC ACID	An insoluble precipitate of nitrogenous waste excreted by land snails, insects, birds, and some reptiles.
FILTRATION	In the vertebrate kidney, the extraction of water and small solutes, including metabolic wastes, from the blood by the nephrons.
FILTRATE	Fluid extracted by the excretory system from the blood or body cavity. The excretory system produces urine from the filtrate after extracting valuable solutes from it and concentrating it.
SELECTIVE REABSORPTION	The selective uptake of solutes from a filtrate of blood, coelomic fluid, or hemolymph in the excretory organs of animals.
SECRETION	(1) The discharge of molecules synthesized by a cell. (2) In the vertebrate kidney, the discharge of wastes from the blood into the filtrate from the nephron tubules.
EXCRETION	The disposal of nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism.
RENAL ARTERY	The blood vessel bringing blood to the kidney.
RENAL VEIN	The blood vessel draining the kidney.
URETER	A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
URINARY BLADDER	The pouch where urine is stored prior to elimination.
URETHRA	A tube that releases urine from the body near the vagina in females and through the penis in males; also serves in males as the exit tube for the reproductive system.
RENAL CORTEX	The outer portion of the vertebrate kidney.
RENAL MEDULLA	The inner portion of the vertebrate kidney, beneath the renal cortex.
NEPHRON	The tubular excretory unit of the vertebrate kidney.
DESCENDING AND ASCENDING LIMB OF THE LOOP OF HENLE	The long hairpin turn, with a descending and ascending limb, of the renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney; functions in water and salt reabsorption.
COLLECTING DUCT	The location in the kidney where filtrate from renal tubules is collected; the filtrate is now called urine.
RENAL PELVIS	Funnel-shaped chamber that receives processed filtrate from the kidney collecting ducts and is drained by the ureter.
CORTICAL NEPHRONS	Nephrons located almost entirely in the renal cortex. These nephrons have a reduced loop of Henle.
JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRONS	Nephrons with well-developed loops of Henle that extend deeply into the renal medulla.

Created by: johncl

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