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Human Body I
Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Integumentary system | serves as a barrier against infection and injury, helps to regulate body temperature, removes waste products from the body, and provides protection against ultraviolet radiation from the sun |
| Epidermis | outer layer of the skin |
| Dermis | innermost layer of the skin |
| Subcutaneous layer | fat cells beneath the skin |
| Keratin | tough fibrous protein found in skin |
| Melanin | dark brown pigment found in skin |
| Sebaceous gland | produce an oily secretion called sebum that spreads out along the surface of the skin and helps to keep the epidermis flexible and waterproof |
| Skeletal system | supports the body, protects internal organs, provides for movement, stores mineral reserves, and provides a site for blood cell formation |
| Cartilage | strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone |
| Ligament | strip of tough connective tissue in a joint that holds bones together |
| Tendon | tough connective tissue that joins skeletal muscles to bones |
| Tendonitis | inflammation of a tendon from overuse |
| Arthritis | inflammation and stiffness of the joints |
| Osteoporosis | condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from the loss of tissue |
| Joint | place where one bone attaches to another |
| Periosteum | tough layer of connective tissue that surrounds bones |
| Compact bone | thick dense layer beneath the periosteum |
| Spongy bone | less dense tissue found inside the outer layer of compact bones |
| Bone marrow | soft tissue inside cavities within bones; 2 types are yellow and red |
| Muscular system | tissue that controls the internal movement of materials in the body, as well as external movement of the entire body or body parts |
| Smooth muscle | usually not under voluntary control and can function without nervous stimulation |
| Cardiac muscle | found in the heart |
| skeletal muscle | attached to bones and responsible for voluntary movements such as typing or dancing |
| Actin and myosin | proteins that mainly make up the thin filaments in striations in skeletal muscle systems |
| Nervous system | controlas and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli |
| Neuron | cells that transmit electrical signals (impulses) |
| Impulse | electrical messages carried by the central nervous system |
| Cell body | largest part of a neuron which contains the nucleus and the cytoplasm |
| Dendrites | short branched extensions from the cell body that carry impulses from other neurons toward the cell body |
| Axon | long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body |
| Myelin | insulating membrane that surrounds the axon |
| Synapse | location where a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell |
| Neurotransmitter | chemicals used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell |
| Central Nervous system | relays messages, processes information, and analyzes information |
| Brain | main switching area of the central nervous system |
| Spinal cord | main communication link between the brain and the rest of the body |
| Meninges | three layers of connective tissue wrapped around the brain and spinal cord |
| Cerebrum | largest and most prominent region of the brain...site of intelligence, learning, and judgement |
| Cerebellum | second largest region of the brain located in the back of the skull...coordinates and balances the actions of the muscles |
| Brain stem | located just beneath the cerebellum, connects the brain and spinal cord |
| Thalmus | receives messages from the sense organs and relays the information to the brain |
| Hypothalmus | control center for hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature |
| Pituitary gland | gland in the base of the skull that secretes 9 hormones that regulate many body functions |
| Sensory Neurons | ... |
| Interneuron | ... |
| Motor Neuron | ... |
| Meningitis | ... |
| Peripheral Nervous System | ... |
| Autonomic Nervous System | ... |
| Somatic division | ... |
| Sympathetic division | ... |
| Parasypathetic division | ... |
Created by:
gmottola
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