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Digestive Exam
Digestive System Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the 12 organs of the digestive system | mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus |
| What is the function of the mouth? | mechanical breakdown of food by reducing size of particles and mixing with saliva. Begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates - amylase & mucus |
| What is the function of the salivary glands? | secrete saliva which contains enzyme amylase (breaks down carbohydrates) and mucus. |
| What is the function of the pharynx? | connects nasal and oral cavities and mouth with esophagus. |
| What is the function of the esophagus? | food passageway from mouth to stomach with mucous glands scattered throughout to lubricate tube's inner lining |
| What is the function of the stomach? | receives food from the esophagus and mixes food with gastric juice (pepsin, pepsinogen, Hydrochloric acid, mucus, intrinsic factor) and initiates digestion of proteins |
| What is the function of the liver? | Produces bile and is has important metabolic activities such as carbohydrate, lipid, protein metabolism. Bile aids digestive enzymes. |
| What is the function of the gallbladder? | stores bile and introduces it into the small intestine |
| What is the function of the pancreas? | produces and secretes pancreatic juice containing enzymes (pancreatic amylase; carbohydrates, lipase; fats, nucleases; DNA and trypsin, chymotrypsin; protein)and bicarbonate ions into small intestine |
| What is the function of the small intestine? | mixes food with bile and pancreatic juice. Final breakdown of food particles, main site of nutrient absorption. Secretes mucus with digestive enzymes peptidases, sucrase, maltase and lactase and lipase. |
| What is the function of the large intestine? | absorbs water and electrolytes from chyme (food particles and gastric juice) to form feces |
| What is the function of the rectum? | regulates elimination of feces |
| What is the function of the anus? | to expel fecal matter by two sphincter mucles |
| Which ones are considered accessory organs? | salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas |
| Describe the major change to food that occurs in the mouth: | the mouth mechanically reduces the size of solid particles |
| What is the function of the incisors? Molars? | Incisors are chisel-shaped used for tear food and molars are used for grinding |
| What is the function of saliva? | moistens food particles, helps find them, begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates, dissolves food so it can be tasted, helps cleanse the mouth and teeth, help in formation of food bolus (food mixes into a mass) |
| What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion? | mechanical digestion breaks large pieces into smaller ones without altering their chemical composition. chemical digestion breaks food into simpler chemicals. |
| Where does mechanical breakdown take place? | Mouth - teeth, tongue, and palates esophagus - peristalsis stomach - muscular churning action of stomach |
| Where does chemical breakdown take place? | saliva in mouth gastric juice in stomach small intestine with aid of pancreas, gallbladder |
| What is the function of the tongue? | mixing food particles with saliva and moving food towards the palate |
| What are the four regions of the stomach? | cardiac, fundic, body and pyloric |
| What is the function of the cardiac region of the stomach? | receives food from esophagus |
| What is the function of the fundic region? | temporary storage of food |
| What is the function of the body region? | main portion of the stomach which turns food for chemical breakdown |
| What is the function of the pyloric region? | passes chyme to the large intestine |
| What are the secretory cells of the gastric glands? What enzymes do they secrete? | chief cells (enzymes), parietal cells (HCl, intrinsic factor; B12 absorption), goblet cells and mucus glands (mucus) |
| Which foods take the longest to break down in the stomach? | complex carbohydrate foods |
| Which of the following liver function does concern protein metabolism? | deaminating amino acids,forming urea, synthesizing clotting factors. |
| Name the substances stored in the liver: | vitamins A and D, carbohydrates, iron |
| What are macronutrients? | Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates |
| What is the difference between the three macronutrients and their importance for our diet? | Proteins are composed of amino acids and used for protein metabolism, carbohydrates are composed of simple sugars are used to supply energy for cellular metabolism, lipids are composed of fats, oils used for cell membrane structures and energy. |
| What are the sources of macronutrients? | Proteins sources are meats, fish, cheese, milk, eggs. Carbohydrates grains and vegetables. Lipids from plants and animals |
| Carbohydrate most commonly oxidized by cells for fuel is | glucose |
| What are water-soluble vitamins? | Vitamins B, C |
| What are fat-soluble vitamins? | Vitamins A, D, E and K |
| What is the most important enzyme secreted by the stomach? | Pepsin |
| What are the three components of the small intestine? | duodenum, jejunum and ileum |
| Describe the steps in swallowing: | soft palate raises preventing from entering the nasal cavity, epiglottis closes off the top of the larynx so food doesn't enter trachea, tongue is pressed against soft palate, muscles contract pulling pharynx upward toward the food. |
| Describe the flow of food from mouth to anus including all 12 organs: | mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus |
Created by:
jlafferty
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