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Human Bio Final
Human Biology Final Exam Study Guide, chapter 3, from cells to organ systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epithelial Tissues | sheets of cells that line or cover various surfaces and body cavities |
| Glands | Specialized to synthesize and secrete a product. |
| Exocrine glands | secrete their products into a hollow organ or duct. |
| Endocrine glands | secrete substances called hormones into the bloodstream |
| Simple squamous | lines blood vessels and air saves of lungs, permits exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gasses. |
| Simple cuboidal | lines kidney tubules and glands, secretes and reabsorbs water and small molecules. |
| Simple columnar | lines most digestive organs, absorbs nutrients, produces mucus. |
| Stratified squamous | outer layer of skin, mouth, vagina, protects against abrasion, drying out, infection |
| Stratifired cuboidal | lines ducts of sweat glands, secretes water and ions |
| Stratified columnar | lines epididymus, mammary glands, larynx, secretes mucus |
| Basement membrane | provides structural support to the cells |
| cell junctions | ways cells are joined: tight junctions, adhesion junction, gap junction. |
| Connective tissues | supports the softer organs of the body against gravity, connects parts of the body. |
| fibroblasts | produce and secrete proteins which compose the collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. |
| Loose Connective tissue | surrounds internal organs, muscles, and blood vessels (most common type of tissue) |
| Dense connective tissue | in tendons, ligaments, and lower layers of skin. |
| Elastic connective tissue | surround organs that change shape regularly (stomach, bladder, vocal cords) |
| Reticular connective tissue | internal framework of soft organs: liver, lymphatic system (spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes). |
| Cartilage | transition tissue that bones develop from |
| Bone | specialized connective tissue, contain blood vessels |
| blood | cells suspended in a fluid matrix called plasma, transport oxygen, connective tissue |
| Adipose tissue | fat storage as extra energy |
| Muscle tissue | designed to contract resulting in some kind of movement |
| Skeletal muscles | move body parts, connects to tendons, which attach to bones. |
| Cardiac muscle tissue | heart only |
| Smooth muscle tissue | surrounds hollow organs and tubes, blood vessels, digestive tract, uterus, and bladder |
| Nervous tissue | generate and transmite electrical impulse throughout the body; exists in the spinal cord and brain |
| Organs | are composed of two or more tissue types joined together that perform a specific function or functions. |
| Organ system | group of organs that serve a broader function that is important to survival of the organism (digestive system consists of mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, etc.). |
| Functions of skin: | protection from: dehydration, injury, invading bacteria or viruses. Provide regulation of body temp, make vitamin D, sensations (touch, vibration, pain, and temperature. |
| epidermis | the outer layer of the skins epithelial tissue |
| Dermis | inner layer of connective tissue |
| hypodermis | loose connective tissue containing fat cells, located under the dermis |
| negative feedback | maintains homeostasis |
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