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SLSBio12NervousPG
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aceylcholine | A quemical that carries information across the synaptic cleft |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Enzyme that destroys Aceylcholine |
| Action Potential | A short time change in the electrical potential of a nerve. |
| Adrenal medulla | the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and a small amount of dopamine |
| Adrenalin | stimulates autonomic nerve action |
| "All-or-none" response | If the electrical potential reaches the threshold the action potential happens. |
| Autonomic nervous system | neurons that are not under conscious control, comprising two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. |
| Axomembrane | membrane around the axon |
| Axon | a long process of a neuron, that carries outgoing action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. |
| Axoplasm | The cytoplasm of a neuron. |
| Cell body | The part of the cell that contains the organelles and the nucleus. |
| Central nervous system | Pertaining to the brain, cranial nerves and spinal cord. |
| Cerebellum | part of the vertebrate hindbrain, concerned primarily with somatic motor function |
| Cerebrum | The portion of the brain where thought and higher function reside |
| Corpus callosum | connection between the two cerebral hemispheres (right and left). |
| Dendrite | One of the threadlike extensions of the cytoplasm of a neuron. |
| Depolarization | The process or act of neutralizing polarity, |
| Effector | a molecule, chemical, or structure that regulates a pathway by increasing or decreasing the pathway's reaction rate. |
| Excitatory neurotransmiter | chemical that stimulates or inhibits an action potential. |
| Hypothalamus | a portion of the brain which lies beneath the thalamus and secretes substances which control metabolism |
| Impulse | The movement of action potential along a nerve fiber |
| Inhibitory neurotransmiter | Neurotransmitter that prevents the sodium gates to open. |
| Interneuron | local circuit neuron of the central nervous system that relays impulses between sensory neuron and motor neuron. |
| Meninges | protects the central nervous system. |
| Motor neuron | neurons which activate muscle cells. |
| Myelin sheath | An insulating layer surrounding vertebrate peripheral neurons |
| Neuron | an excitable cell able to conduct nerve impulses. |
| Neurotransmiter | quemical that transmits information from one neuron to the other |
| Node of Ranvier | a gap in the axon where there is no myelin sheath. |
| Norepinephrine | The neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system. |
| Parasympathetic division | division involved in doing the contrary of the sympathetic system, example: slowing the heart down. |
| Peripheral nervous system | connects with skin, glands and muscles. |
| Pituitary gland | gland that secretes hormones that regulate growth and metabolism. |
| Postsynaptic membrane | Membrane of the neuron that is receiving the message after the synapse. |
| Potassium gate | When these gates open only potassium can go through them |
| Presynaptic membrane | Membrane of the neuron that is sending the message before the synapse. |
| Receptor | Protein that bind to the neurotransmitter to interpret the message. |
| Reflex arc | The connection between sensory, motor and inner neurons by which a reflex would go through. not connected to the brain. |
| Refractory period | the time after a neuron fires or a muscle fiber contracts during which a stimulus will not evoke a response. |
| Repolarization | The time in which a neuron reestablishes the normal polarity it used to have. |
| Resting potential | When no signals are sent |
| Saltatory transmission | The message jumps between each axxon |
| Schwann cell | A glial cell that wraps around the nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system, and forms the myelin sheaths of peripheral axons. |
| Sensory neuron | A neuron that receives input from sensory cells. |
| Sodium gate | When these gates open only sodium can flow through it. |
| Sodium-potassium pump | Pumps potassium in and sodium out. Is A PROTEIN. |
| Somatic nervous system | the part of the peripheral nervous system[1] associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. |
| Sympathetic division | A division of the autonomic nervous system that is chiefly involved in producing an immediate and effective response during stress or emergency situations. |
| Synapse | A specialized structure or junction that allows cell to cell communication. |
| Synaptic cleft | The minute gap between presynaptic cell and postsynaptic cell in a chemical synapse, across which the neurotransmitters diffuse into. |
| Synaptic ending | club-shaped endings by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells |
| Synaptic vesicles | Vesicles that transport neurotransmitter to the membrane |
| Thalamus | It is the key relay station for sensory information flowing into the brain, filtering out only information of particular importance from the mass of signals entering the brain. |
| Threshold value | The value the polarization has to reach so that the active potential happens |
Created by:
pierrick02
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