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Science 7 Ch. 12
ch. 12 animal structure and function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hydrostatic skeleton | a fluid filled internal cavity surrounded by muscle tissue |
| coelom | the fluid filled cavity(SEE-lum) |
| nerve net | a net-like control system that sends signals to and from all parts of the body |
| neuron | basic functioning unit of the nervous system |
| undulation | some animals move in a wavelike motion example: snakes and eels |
| diffusion | is the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| spiracles | tiny holes on the surface of an organism where oxygen enters the body and carbon dioxide leaves the body example: beetles and spiders |
| gills | are organs that enable oxygen to diffuse into an animal's body and carbon dioxide to diffuse out example: fish |
| exchange | to transfer |
| open circulatory system | is a system that transports blood and other fluids into open spaces that surround organs in the body |
| closed circulatory system | is a system that transports materials through blood using vessels |
| crop | is a specialized structure in the digestive system where ingested material is stored |
| gizzard | is a muscular pouch similar to a stomach that is used to grind food |
| absorption | is the process in which nutrients from digested food are taken into the body |
| 3 structures for support are? | 1. hydrostatic skeleton (ex. earthworm) 2. exoskeleton (ex. crabs and snails) 3. endoskeleton (ex. fish, birds, mammals) |
| exoskeleton | hard outer covering that proviodes support and protection for many invertebrates |
| endoskeleton | a covering that protects internal organs and provides the organism with structure and support like bones or cartilage |
| nerve cord | allows signals to move directly between neurons and the brain (also called spinal cord) |
| function of the circulatory system is to what? | circulatory system and respiratory system work together to supply cells with oxygen and nutrients |
| 3 parts of the circulatory system are? | 1. heart 2. blood vessels 3. blood |
| heart | major organ for pumping blood in your body |
| 3 kinds of blood vessels are? | 1. arteries 2. veins 3. capillaries |
| What is the job of the arteries? | carry oxygenated blood (red) to and away from the heart |
| what is the job of the veins? | carry deoxygenated blood (blue) to the heart |
| what is the job of the capillaries? | bring food and oxygen to the cells and carry waste away (CO2); they are very small |
| blood is made up of what 4 things? | 1. red blood cells 2. white blood cells 3. platelets 4. plasma |
| what is the job of red blood cells? | carry oxygen and CO2 |
| what is the job of the white blood cells? | fight pathogens |
| what is the job of the platelets? | to help clot blood |
| what is plasma? | it is the liquid part of the blood |
| what is the flow of blood through the body? | heart -> arteries -> capillaries -> veins -> back to the heart |
| what is the function of the respiratory system? | exchanges oxygen and CO2 between red blood cells, air and cells (diffusion: High to low) |
| what are the 7 main parts of the respiratory system? | 1. nose 2. mouth 3. pharynx 4. larynx 5. trachea 6. bronchiole tubes 7. alveoli |
| where is the pharynx found? | upper part of the throat |
| what does the larynx contain? | vocal cords |
| what is the trachea also known as? | windpipe |
| what are the bronchiole tubes? | two passageways branching into the lungs |
| what is the job of the alveoli? | tiny air sacs where oxygen and CO2 are exchanged |
| what is the function of the skeletal system? | 1. support your body 2. protects organs 3. allows the body to move 4. makes blood cells |
| what are the parts of the skeletal system? | 1. bones 2. ligaments 3. tendons 4. cartilage |
| what is the function of the joint? | where bones meet and allow for movement |
| what are 3 types of joints in your body? | 1. ball and socket joint (shoulder and hip) 2. hinge joint (elbow) 3. pivot joint (neck) |
| what is the function of the nervous system? | control and coordinate "everything"...all movement and all activities of organs and organ systems |
| what are the major parts of the nervous system? | 1. brain 2. spinal cord 3. neurons |
| what is the job of the brain? | control center of the entire body |
| what is the job of the spinal cord? | carries messages to and from brain |
| what is the job of the neurons? | basic nerve cells that carry messages throughout the body |
| what is a nerve net? | primitive "net like" system sending signals throughout a simple organisms body |
| what does the nerve net do? | helps in movement, detecting food and capuring prey |
| what organisms would have a nerve net? | found in organisms with "no brain" example: jelly fish, sea star, sea anemones, hydras |
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