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History - Anesthesia
Basics - Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CONTRIBUTIONS OF PRIESTLY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANESTHESIA | 1770s; English scientist who discovered carbonic acid gas, O2 & nitrous oxide |
| CONTRIBUTIONS OF BEDDOES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANESTHESIA | Studied nitrous oxide, O2, and finds it induces “deep sleep” |
| CONTRIBUTIONS OF DAVY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANESTHESIA | (cross eyed guy): 1795. Student of Beddoes. Inhales N2O for fun; “laughing gas”. Unsuccessful experiments. 1st to publish that it “appears capable of destroying physical pain” |
| CONTRIBUTIONS OF FARADAY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANESTHESIA | 1818; Student of Davy; experimented and liquefied many gases. -Discovered properties of electricity and magnetism. -Noted sleep inducing patterns of ether vapor. -Published findings, but not used in medical field at this time. |
| CONTRIBUTIONS OF HICKMAN TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANESTHESIA | 1824; Painless surgical experiments on animals using carbon dioxide. -Wrote famous “letter on suspended animation”. -Suggested use of anesthetic for humans, but not utilized yet. |
| DESCRIBE THE EARLY USE OF ANESTHETIC GASES by CLARKE | Jan 1842, Rochester, NY. Poured ether on a towel & inhaled by pt. Painless tooth extraction. 1st dental ether use recorded; published later |
| DESCRIBE THE EARLY USE OF ANESTHETIC GASES by LONG | March 1842, Jefferson GA. Removed neck tumor under ether anesthesia. 1st non-dental surgery w/ ether. Published 1849 |
| DESCRIBE THE EARLY USE OF ANESTHETIC GASES by WELLS | Unsuccessful use of nitrous oxide. Traveled to Harvard Med School in 1845 to demonstrate dental procedure. Pt too light and cried out (but no pain or recall). Labeled charlatan and commits suicide |
| DESCRIBE THE EARLY USE OF ANESTHETIC GASES by MORTON | 1st successful use of ether. Student of Wells. Experimented w/ sulfuric ether in gingival tissue; animals & humans. Sept 30th 1846: gave inhaled ether for removal of vascular growth on pt’s jaw. Published in Boston Journal the next day. |
| DESCRIBE THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SIMPSON TO OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA IN GREAT BRITAIN | 1847; English OB, used ether for intermittent labor pain. Later found chloroform to have less SE. Use of labor anesthetics opposed by clergy |
| DESCRIBE THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SNOW TO OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA IN GREAT BRITAIN | Administered chloroform to Queen Victoria for birth of 8th kid. Legitimized use of OB anesthesia. Developed an inhaler |
| CONTRIBUTING REASONS FOR THE LACK OF PROFESSIONAL ANESTHETISTS IN THE LATE 19TH & EARLY 20TH CENTURY | No economic incentive; often unpaid or underpaid. Viewed as subordinate role. Delegated to least experienced member of OR. No formal training. Position seen only as a means to be able to observe surgical technique. |
| DEFINE ANESTHESIA | From Greek origin meaning: lack of sensation or without feeling |
| LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF SURGICAL ANESTHESIA | 1. Hypnosis 2. Amnesia 3. Analgesia 4. Immobility 5. Suppression of autonomic reflexes |
| Who is Sister Mary Bernard? | 1877, Erie, PA. 1st documented nurse to specialize in anesthesia. Went to Hawaii and practiced for 42 yrs. |
| Who are Dinah & Edith Graham? | 1889, Mayo Clinic. Perfected the technique of “open drop ether”. Trained by Dr. William Mayo as the clinic’s 1st nurse anesthetists. Surgeons came from around the world to observe technique |
| Who is Alice McGaw? | Alice Magaw: 1860-1928 “Mother of Anesthesia”. Known for early publications; review of 14,000 surgical anesthesias. Stressed tailoring anesthetics to pt needs. Used suggestive influence to talk pt to sleep. |
| Who is Florence Henderson? | 1876-1956: Dr. Mayo’s anesthetist. Worked to formalize education for nurse anesthetists |
| CONTRIBUTIONS TO NURSE ANESTHESIA MADE BY AGATHA HODGINS | Traveled to Mayo clinic to observe open drop ether; began to understand risks of aspiration. Pioneered the nitrous & oxygen technique w/ MS04, ether, scopolamine. Walked wards at night listening to breathing. 1934: Founded NANA; later renamed AANA |
| CONTRIBUTIONS TO NURSE ANESTHESIA MADE BY AGATHA HODGINS AND DR. GEORGE CRILE | Founded Lakeside Hospital Anesthesia Training w/ Dr. Crile. Both introduced gas-oxygen technique that was beneficial to shock pts WWI |
| PROVIDE REASONS FOR THE LACK OF DOCUMENTED HISTORY OF NURSE ANESTHETISTS INCLUDING ANTI-NURSE ANESTHETIST LITERATURE AND LEGISLATION. (INCLUDE DR. MCMECHAN) | Early 1910s, he wrote a scathing editorial against nurse anesthetists in American Journal of Surgeons. Fought for their abolishment. Lakeside pressured to close doors as anti-nurse anesthesia sentiment continued. |
| DESCRIBE THE BASIC FACTS OF THE COURT CASES FRANK VS. SOUTH. EXPLAIN THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THEIR OUTCOME ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NURSE ANESTHESIA | Attack on Dr. Frank & his anesthetist, Margaret Hatfield brought on by Louisville Society of Anesthetists & KY Med. Assoc. Frank sues KY Medical Board for unjust prosecution of his anesthetist. |
| EXPLAIN THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FRANK VS. SOUTH & ITS OUTCOME ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NURSE ANESTHESIA | Ruling: nurse anesthetist Hatfield not practicing medicine according to state statute. Lakeside reopens. |
| DESCRIBE THE BASIC FACTS OF THE COURT CASE CHALMERS-FRANCIS VS. DAGMAR NELSON. | Dagmar Nelson went to CA to practice as an anesthetist to Dr. Hunt. Anesthesiologists brought suit against Nelson & Hunt, claiming Nelson was illegally practicing medicine. She went on trial for violating CA Medical Practice Act |
| EXPLAIN THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CHALMERS-FRANCIS VS. DAGMAR NELSON & ITS OUTCOME ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NURSE ANESTHESIA | -Ruling was in favor of Nelson. Decision was upheld by CA Supreme Court |
| Which case was a "watershed moment in deciding the legality of nurse anesthesia"? | Chalmers-Francis vs. Dagmar Nelson, 1934 |
| DESCRIBE THE FORMATION AND AFFILIATION OF THE EARLY AANA (THEN THE NANA). | Early leaders = Curtis & Salomon. Hodgins organizes on a national level. ANA denied help/involvement. 1st meeting of NANA June 17, 1931 |
| STATE SOME OF ITS EARLY OBJECTIVES AND ENDEAVORS OF THE AANA | Advance art & science of anesthesia. Develop educational standards & techniques. Facilitate cooperation b/w medical professionals. Establish central office for info, references, & assistance. Educate the general public. |
| DISCUSS THE CONTRIBUTION OF NURSE ANESTHETISTS TO OUR MILITARY | Provided the majority of anesthesia to military |
| DESCRIBE WHERE NURSE ANESTHETISTS STAND TODAY WITH RESPECT TO OUR STATISTICS, PRACTICE RIGHTS, AND THE AANA OBJECTIVES FOR THE YEARS TO COME | 44,000 CRNAs/SRNAs in the US. 93% of CRNAs are members of AANA. Provide 32 million anesthetics yearly or 65%. Sole providers in many rural communities. Provide care in every practice setting. Work alone or in collaboration w/ MDA |
Created by:
Thommy413
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