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Genetics

TermDefinition
heredity the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next
genes the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
genetic information The code found in DNA. The "blueprint" for producing an individual organism. Can also refer to RNA
chromosomes threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
sexual reproduction process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism
asexual reproduction process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
haploid (genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes
diploid (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
fertilization process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
allele an alternative form of a gene
dominant trait that will show up in an organism's phenotype if gene is present
recessive trait that will only appear in the phenotype if organism inherits two of them; covered up by the dominant gene
homozygous having two identical alleles for a trait
heterozygous having two different alleles for a trait
Punnett square a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
genotype The genetic makeup of an organism
phenotype physical characteristics of an organism
Mendel's law genes can occur in pairs (one gene from the male and one gene from the female); genes can be dominant or recessive
monohybrid cross a cross in which only one characteristic is tracked
Dihybrid cross A cross between two individuals
codominance situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
incomplete dominance one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele
Created by: moxy29
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