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BIO: Evolution

Evolution Vocabulary Terms

QuestionAnswer
Evolution the gradual change in a species over time
Charles Darwin English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck French scientist who is noted for two laws: Law of Use and Disuse & Law of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Charles Lyell Scottish scientist who wrote "Principles of Geology."
James Hutton Proposed that the earth is shaped by geological forces that took place over extremely long periods of time estimated the earth to be millions of years old.
Thomas Malthus English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence.
Theory of use-and-disuse The parts of an organism's body that are used become more developed; parts that are not used become smaller and may disappear.
Fitness Ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment.
Struggle for existence Members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life.
Survival of the fittest Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully.
Adaptation a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
Acquired characteristics physiological changes acquired over the life of an organism may be transmitted to offspring. (theory of adaptation)
Theory of Natural Selection process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest
Artificial selection Nature provided the variation, and humans selected those variations that they found useful.
Gene pool All genes and all the different alleles that are present in a population.
Common descent (ancestry)
Homologous structures Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues.
Analogous structures structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function
Vestigial structures A physical characteristic in organisms that appears to have lost its original function as a species has changed over time.
comparative anatomy the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species
comparative genetics
Comparative biochemistry
Fossil record the complete body of fossils that shows how species and ecosystems change over time.
Hominid
Primate
Evolutionary tree
Created by: vmaksym
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