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CH.20
Palmtag
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| why was it important to asses sea bass pop. stocks? | to make sure the organism isn't overpopulated. |
| What was the question the scientists’ addressed and why did the question need to be addressed? | Is there a cost & time efficient molecular technique that can be used by fish biologists to distinguish BSB larvae from other larvae |
| Specifically, why were molecular biotechnology techniques needed for this research, and how and why were two techniques compared? | restiction fragment length polymorphism-sequences genes by DNA isolation gene sequencing-determining the exact sequence of nucleotide bases in a strand of DNA to better understand the behavior of a gene |
| What gene did the scientists use in the sea bass research? | the ribosomal gene |
| What part of the gene was used for gene sequencing and what part was used for restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP)? | gene sequ: noncoding space RFLP: rRNA |
| Why are the noncoding spacer units of the ribosomal gene highly polymorphic between different species? | because it is very unlikely to find 2 identical individuals in the same population of the same species |
| How did the scientists locate, isolate, and amplify the noncoding spacer unit of the ribosomal gene that they used for gene sequencing? | cloning & the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
| what does PCR stand for? | polymerase chain reaction |
| how does PCR work | amplifies a segment of DNA to make more DNA |
| Role of PCR | has every sequence of DNA that has been recorded for diff. species |
| what happens in the reaction chamber | genome is heated to denature the double strand into 2 single strands. uses primer to identify the region of DNA that they are interested in. |
| what usable product would you end up with at the end of PCR? | the type of species it is and the genetic make up; get more DNA |
| What role did gel electrophoresis play in gene sequencing? | putting the DNA sequenced in the gel & the gel then separates & anaylzes DNA, RNA, & protein based on size & charge. |
| PCR vs. DNA Sequencing | PCR-amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA, generating thousands of copies in DNA sequence DNA sequencing- determine the precise order or nucleotides w/in a DNA molecule/ used to determine the order of the 4 bases in a strand of DNA |
| why are dideoxy nucleotide triphosphates (ddNTs) used in gene sequencing and how do the ddNTs enable the DNA to be sequenced? | used to sequence ribosomal gene spacer units. they enable the DNA to be sequenced by terminating when loaded into gel it tells sequence of DNA. |
| What is high throughput technology and bioinformatics, why is DNA sequencing an example of both? | -using technology to process many samples @ once. -computer program used to analyze sequence data |
| restiction fragment length polymorphism analysis | uses entire ribosomal gene, uses restriction enzyme to cut certain sequences in non-coding space, then run through gel |
| was RFLP a suitable replacement for gene sequencing on this occasion | the gel electrophoresis gives you the sequence of the section & the conclusion is just as accurate as DNA sequencing. |
| short tandem repeating units (STR) | short segment of repeating base pairs unique to each individual |
| Describe what short tandem repeating units (STR)s are and describe how they are used for criminal forensics and paternity tests. | paternity tests: for females to determine the relationship forensics: to see DNA matches |
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