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CH. 19

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QuestionAnswer
Why are viruses called obligate intracellular parasites? They must use a host cell's nucleotides for transcription and replication.
Describe the experiment which led to the discovery of viruses. Which virus was it? extracted sap from plants and transferred them to other plants.tobacco mosaic virus
What are the molecular components of a virus? ?
What types of genomes do viruses exhibit? single stranded DNA, double stranded DNA or single stranded RNA, double stranded RNA
What are capsids the protein shell enclosing the viral genome
what are they composed of, how do they vary between viruses, what are their purposes? composed of capsomers,vary in shape,
What is a viral envelope, what is its origin, what features of the envelope get viruses into or out of cells? surrounds the capsids, derived from membranes of the host cell viral orgion,
Describe the general life cycle of a virus? 1.virus enters and releases capsid,2.host enzymes replicate the virus,3.transcribe to mrna to make more capsid proteins,4 new virus particles which exit the cell
What is virulence? host's parasite-induced loss of fitness
Compare and contrast the lytic and lysogenic cycle. lytic-culimates in death of the host cell lysogenic-replication of genome w/o destroying host
What is a temperate phage? capable of using modes of replicating and bacterium
What is a prophage? genome that has been inserted on a specific site on a bacterial chromosomes.
What is phage therapy? use of lytic bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial infections.
How do prokaryotes defend themselves from viruses? ?
How is a retrovirus different from a typical animal virus? transcribes DNA to RNA.
What is a provirus? What is reverse transcriptase? genome that becomes a permanent part of host cell.
What is a prion, why are they dangerous to living organisms infectious proteins that can cause brain damage.
Created by: 100000682927273
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