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Yr 10 Genetics
basic genetics for Yr 10 students nz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele | Alternative form of the same gene. |
| Asexual Reproduction | Reproduction in which genes are passed down from only one parent. |
| Base | The four bases: Adenine(A), Cytosine(C), Guanine(G) and Thymine(T). They make up the 'rungs' of the DNA 'ladder'. Are always in the same pairings - A+T, C+G |
| Carrier | A person whose cells have both a normal and faulty allele. Symptomless carriers show no sign of the genetic disorder they are carrying. |
| Cell | The basic 'unit of life' consisting of a nucleus and cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane. |
| Characteristic | A feature of an organism. A result of a genes instructions to a cell. |
| Chromosome | Thread-like structures in the nucleus made up of DNA. |
| Clone | A group of genetically identical plants or animals produced asexually from the one parent. |
| DNA | A chemical containing the code which tells a cell how to develop. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. |
| Dominant | An allele which overrides other alleles of a gene so that their affects are hidden. |
| Environment | The surrounding conditions in which an organism develops. |
| Fertilisation | When the nuclei of two sex cells such as egg and sperm join together. |
| Gamete | A sex cell. For example an egg or a sperm. Gametes only carry one copy of an allele. |
| Gene | A section of DNA that contains the instructions of a particular characteristic (or protein) such as eye colour. |
| Generation | A term used to describe the descendents of a pair of individuals. For example the first generation is their children and the second generation is their grandchildren. |
| Genetics | The science concerning the inheritance of characteristics. |
| Genotype | The combination of alleles held by an individual. |
| Heterozygous | A genotype where both alleles are different. |
| Homozygous | A genotype where both alleles are the same. |
| Inheritance | A term used to describe the passing of genes from parents to offspring. |
| Nucleus | Part of a cell which contains genetic information in the form of chromosomes. |
| Phenotype | The physical characteristics produced by a particular genotype. |
| Punnet Square | A diagram showing how alleles can combine during fertilisation. |
| Recessive | An allele whose effects are hidden by the presence of a dominant allele. A recessive allele must be inherited from both parents in order to show it's effects in the offspring. |
| Selective Breeding | Breeding plants or animals from individuals that have the characteristics you most want. |
| Sexual Reproduction | Reproduction in which half the genes are inherited from each of the two parents. |
| Variation | This describes the differences shown in a group of organisms. |
| Zygote | An ovum (egg cell) that has been fertilised by a sperm cell. |
Created by:
DR1
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