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intrcellular signall

QuestionAnswer
Response to external signal 1.changes in function of specific enzyme/protein which is mediated by P -kinase &phosphates 2. changes in amount of protein by activation of transcription factors
protein kinase tyrosine K and serine/threoninek P is central to signalling receptor activation P target protein by kinase Phosphatases deactivate kinase
protein phosphatases reciprocal control : may be activated by kinase and kinase may be activated by it. 3 modes : regulation by P, relocation and activation by 2nd messenges
3 modes of regulation phospatase regulation by P regulation by relocation activation by 2nd messenges
GTPase switch protein guanine nucleotide binding protein trimeric and monomeric, changes other protein signal -> GDP release -> GTP bounds GTPase switches off signal
superfamily trimeric -> coupled to receptors monoperic -> RAS and RAS like proteins
adaptor proteins enables protein protein interaction that holds signalling complex together
2nd messengers diffuse rapidly in cytosol IP3 apen Ca channels in ER DAG activates kinase C in PKC
MAPK mitogen activated protein kinase pathway conserved through evolution activated in respons to growth factor and stress
3 MAPK erk - growth factor JNK- osmotic stress and redox stress P38- osmotic stress and radiation
ERK extracellular regulated pathway activated by receptos tyrosine kinase - RTK
RTK transmembrane receptor with catalytic domain, autoP creates high affinity binding sites for protein P
receptor tyrosine binding to ligand -> stimulation of cytosolic protein -> signal transduction cascade-> change in gene expressiom
ERK pathway signal - growth factor transducer - RTK, SOS. RAS, GRB2 MAPKKk- RAF1 MAPKK- MEK 1/2 MAPK- ERK 1/2 effectors - ELK1, SAP1 Response- proliferation
RTK and ERK receptor is P at Tyrosine residue so it can bind with RTK. P interacts with SH2.
Created by: purespirit
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