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Life Science Review
NJ ASK 8 Science Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mitosis | a dividing cell produces 2 new nuclei (m)NA |
| cell | basic unit of all living things (C) |
| animal cell | a round cell with no cell wall (A C) |
| plant cell | a brick shaped cell with a cell wall (P C) |
| respiration | when oxygen and sugar are used to make energy, carbon dioxide and water (R) |
| photosynthesis | process where carbon dioxide, water and sunlight are used to make sugar and oxygen (P) |
| carbon dioxide | gas produced by respiration and used in photosynthesis (C D) |
| water | a reactant in photosynthesis and a product in respiration (W) |
| glucose | type of sugar produced by photosynthesis (G) |
| oxygen | gas used in respiration and produced by photosynthesis (O) |
| dominant | a more powerful gene (D) |
| recessive | a weaker gene (R) |
| hybrid | a combination of two different genes (H) |
| ecosystem | all of the living and non-living things in one area (e) |
| biome | an area with the same organisms and climate (b) |
| climate | the expected weather in a particular area (c) |
| proteins | examples include meat, eggs, fish (p) |
| lipids | examples include, oils, fats, waxes (l) |
| carbohydrates | examples include bread, pasta, rice (c) |
| nucleus | control center of cell (n) |
| osmosis | when water spreads into or out of a cell (o) |
| diffusion | when molecules spread out (like perfume in the air) |
| Robert Hooke | scientist who discovered cork cells (R H) |
| cell membrane | surrounds cell; controls what goes in and out of cell |
| cell wall | surrounds and protects plant cells only (c w) |
| cytoplasm | the fluid in the cell (C) |
| chloroplast | plant cell parts that perform photosynthesis (c) |
| mitochondria | the powerhouse of the cell; converts food into energy (m) |
| enzyme | proteins that speed up chemical reactions (e) |
| ribosome | cell parts that make protein |
| producer | organisms that make their own food (p) |
| consumer | organisms that have to eat other living things to get food (c) |
| decomposer | organisms that break down dead things (d) |
| food web | a diagram that shows many connections between producers, consumers and decomposers |
| fossil fuel | fuels such as coal, oil and gas (f f) |
| greenhouse effect | the effect that pollution gases have on trapping heat on the earth (g e) |
| clear-cutting | a method of cutting down trees that wipes out every tree in an area (c c) |
| selective cutting | a method of cutting down trees that wipes out only some trees in an area (s c) |
| acid rain | rain formed by pollution gases mixing with water |
| erosion | the washing or blowing away of soil. |
| deposition | when soil is carried to a new place (d) |
| Ring of Fire | the area of the world known for its earthqauke and volcano activity (R o F) |
| core | inner most layer of the earth (c) |
| mantle | middle layer of the earth (m) |
| crust | the outer layer of the earth (c) |
| tectonic plates | plates that make up the earth's crust (t p) |
| weathering | the wearing down of rocks due to erosion (w) |
| fossils | remains of dead organisms( f) |
| extinction | when a species has no more living members (e) |
| control group | a set of observations in which variables are not changed |
| controlled variable | variables that should be kept the same |
| independent variable | single factor that changes |
| dependent variable | factor in an experiment that changes as a result of a change in an independent variable |
| sample size | number of observations or data |
| bar graph | graph that is good for comparing data about similar things |
| mean | the average of all the numbers in a data set |
| abiotic | nonliving |
| biotic | living |
| tissue | is abiotic and has energy |
| heat energy | energy that causes particles of a substance to move faster |
| temperature | the measure of the average energy of motion of all the particles in a substance |
| sublimination | change from a solid to a gas |
| deposition | change from a gas to a solid |
| melting point | temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid |
| boiling point | temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas |
| density | the amount of mass in a given volume |
| erosion | when the Earth's surface is worn away by water and wind |
| weathering | breaking down of Earth's rocks, soil and minderals |
| solubility | the ability to be easily dissovled in a liquid |
| heliocentrism | theory that planets revolve around the sun |
| endothermic | type of chemical change that absorbs heat |
| exothermic | type of chemical change that releases heat |
| muscular system | individual muscle cells in muscle tissue contract and expand; dependent on the skeletal system |
| skeletal system | gives the muscular system a framework to move the body; protects important muscles |
| reproductive system | responsible for creating offspring; regulated by the endocrine system |
| circulatory system | made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels |
| respiratory system | windpipe and the lungs; works closely with the circulatory system |
| digestive system | breaks food down into nutrients for the body |
| endocrine system | gathers waste from the digestive and circulatory systems; main organ involved is the kidney |
| nervous system | controlled by the hypothalamus, which is a part of the brain that controls the glands that produce hormones |
| homeostasis | the ability to maintain a constant internal environment; an example would be when the body sweats if it gets too warm |
| heredity | refers to the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| genes | control the traits that appear in offspring |
| DNA | the molecule that carries genetic information |
| chromosomes | threadlike, DNA-carrying strands which contains the genes that tell what traits an organism will have |
| forty-six | human cells have this many chromosomes |
| fertilization | process by which sperm and an egg cell join |
| endoplasmic reticulum | transports materials within the cell |
| nuclear membrane | encloses and protects the nucleus |
| nucleus | control center for all cell activity |
| cytoplasm | clear, thick fluid that holds all parts of a cell |
| cell wall | outer, nonliving cellulose structure that helps the plant cell keep its shape |
| mitochrondia | organelles that release energy to support all cell activity |
| chloroplasts | organelles that contain chlorophyll |
| vacuoles | cavities inside the cytoplasm that contain fluid and coloring |
| cell membrane | membrane that controls the movement of molecules in and out of the cell |
| ribosomes | organelles that contain the enzymes that help produce proteins |
| Why don't animal cells need chloroplasts? | chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which is used by plants during photosynthesis and animals do not need chlorophyll |
| Why do plants have cell walls? | cell walls help plant cells keep their shape (planets do not have skeletons) |
| nitrogen cycle | this cycles includes bacteria, ammonia, nitrates, plants (such as legumes), animals and the atmosphere |
| carbon cycle | this cycle includes carbon dioxide, plants, photosynthesis, animals, fossil fuel, volcanoes, and atmosphere |
Created by:
MrTranScience
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