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biology
eoc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | maintaining stability while external conditions are changing |
| Metabolism | all reacitons in the body that build up or break down chemicals |
| properties of water | -water is polar(positive on one end and negative on the other -Surface tension -water can pass easily through the cell membrane |
| Surface tension (properties of water ) | Water is attracted to itself through its bond (allow insects to "walk" on water |
| ph (properties of water ) | -Acids have a ph below 7 -Bases have a ph of above 7 -Neutral solutions have a ph of 7 (water is neutral) |
| enzyme | "catalyst" Speeds up chemical reactions,lower activation energy and help speed up reaction time. |
| enzyme "active site" | where substances called substrates can bind and allow the reaction to happen |
| Macro molecules | Living things made up of mostly carbon, hydrogen,nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus |
| proteins (Macro molecules) | -made up of amino acids -Made up of C, H, N, O Helps build bones and muscles, helps in moving things across membranes(protein Channels), and controls rates of reactions(enzymes are proteins) |
| lipids (Macro molecules) | -Fats, waxes, oils -made up of mostly carbon and hydrogen -helps provide insulation, stores energy,main part of cell membrane |
| Carbohydrates (Macro molecules) | -sugars and starches -made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen -provide the body's energy |
| Nucleic acids (Macro molecules) | -made of nucleotides -Examples are RNA and DNA -determine heredity and control what proteins are made of |
| Cell membrane structure | -Semi permeable(lets some things pass Through) -Phospholipid bi-layer -Protein channel -Carbohydrates |
| Phospholipid bi-layer (Cell membrane structure) | Refers to the 2 layers of lipids that make up the main part of the cell membrane |
| Protein Channel(Cell membrane structure) | helps move bigger molecules through the cell membrane |
| Carbohydrates(Cell membrane structure) | Check the "ID" of the substanes from low to high concentration |
| Movement Across the Membrane | -Diffusion -Osmosis -Active Transport *Small, non polar molecules pass the easiest *Water, carbon, and oxygen pass easily *Ions(charged particles) do NOT pass easily (sodium and potassium) |
| Diffusion (Movement Across the Membrane) | Movement of substances from high to low concentration across the membrane (no energy required) |
| Osmosis (Movement Across the Membrane) | Movement of WATER from high to low concentration across the membrane (no energy required) |
| Active Transport (Movement Across the Membrane) | Movement of substance from low to high concentration (REQUIRES ENERGY because going against concentration gradient) |
| Cell organelles | -Nucleus -Ribosome -Mitochondria -Chloroplast -Endoplasmic Reticulum -Golgi Apparatus -Lysosomes -Cell membrane -Cell wall -vacuole |
| Nucleus (Cell organelles) | Controls cell activities, hold DNA, is where RNA is made |
| Ribosome (Cell organelles) | Where protein is made |
| Mitochrondria(Cell organelles) | Site of cellular respiration (where ENERGY/ATP is made) |
| Chloroplast (Cell organelles) | Site of photosynthesis (where glucose is made) |
| Endoplasmic Recticulum (Cell organelles) | Transports materials through the cell |
| Golgi apparatus (Cell organelles) | Packages cell products |
| Lysosome (Cell organelles) | Breaks down old cell materials |
| Cell membrane (Cell organelles) | Controls What enters/exits the cell |
| Cell wall (Cell organelles) | Provides structural support to the cell |
| Vacuole (Cell organelles) | Storage area for water and nutrients |
| Plant cell VS. Animal cell | -Plant cell: Cell wall, chloroplast, Large vacuole -Animal cell: Centrioles, lysosome |
| Eukaryote VS. Prokaryote | -Eukaryote HAS a Nucleus -Prokaryote does NOT have a nucleus |
| The Cell Theory | 1. Cells come from pre-existing cells 2. Cells are the basic unit for structure and function in living in living things 3. All living things are composed of cells |
| Mitosis VS. Meiosis | -Mitosis is the COPYING of the cell exactly -Meiosis creates 4 different cells(makes sex cells)and must be haploid |
| Fertilization | egg meeting sperm (creating correct amount of chromosomes) |
| Reproduction | asexual VS. sexual |
| Haploid | sex cells(half the number of diploid) |
| Diploid | Body cells (twice the number of haploid) |
| Mitosis (Mitosis VS. Meiosis) | Division of Nucleus 1 cell -> 2(daughter) cells -Starts 2N (diploid), Ends 2N -New cells are identical to each other AND parent -Used to produce body cells |
| Meiosis (Mitosis VS. Meiosis) | 1 cell -> 4(daughter)cells -Starts 2N, ends 1N -New cells are NOT identical to each other and parent -Used to produce Gametes(sex cells) |
| Cell Cycles Phases | -Interphase -Mitosis -Prophase -Metaphase -Anaphase -Telophase -Cytokinesis |
| Interphase (Cell Cycles Phases) | Cell grows, duplicates DNA and organelles |
| Prophase (Cell Cycles Phases) | PREPARES to divide-chromosomes form,spindle fibers,and centrioles form |
| Metaphase (Cell Cycles Phases) | Chromosomes MEET in the MIDDLE |
| Anaphase (Cell Cycles Phases) | Chromosomes pull APART to opposite polls |
| Telophase (Cell Cycles Phases) | TWO nuclei form, cell starts to pinch off |
| Cytokinesis (Cell Cycles Phases) | Division of cytoplasm |
| Meiosis I | -Interphase -Prophase I -Metaphase I -Anaphase I Telophase I |
| Meiosis II | -Prophase II -Metaphase II -Anaphase II -Telophase II |
| Photosnythesis | Makes glucose (C16H12O16) food for plants CO2 + H2O + Sunlight -> C6H12O6 + O2 |
| Cellular Respriration | Breaks down glucose(C16H12O16)/food to produce energy/ATP C6H12O6 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + ATP |
| Site of Reaction (Photosynthesis And Cellular Respiration) | Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast Cell Respiration occurs in the MITOCHRONDRIA |
| Natural Selection (evolution) | Occurs as those organisms best suited for their environments will survive and reproduce |
| Adaptation (evolution) | Traits and organism develops as a result of natural selection |
| Species (evolution) | All organisms that can interbreed and Produce fertile offspring |
| DNA | -Double Helix -Made up of 4 Bases -Adenine(A)pairs with Thymine(T) -Guanine(G)pairs with Cytosine(C) |
| Mutation (DNA) | A change in the base pair sequence |
| Protein Snythesis | 1.DNA copied into messenger RNA(mRNA) 2.mRNA carries DNA's instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome 3.At the ribosome, amino acids are organized to create protein *mRNA matches up at to a tRNA that bring the amino acids in the correct order |
| Genotype (Genetics) | Organisms genetic makeup (RR,Rr,rr) |
| Phenotypes (Genetics) | organisms physical appearance based on its genes (red,white) |
| Homozygous (Genetics) | Individual with 2 IDENTICAL alleles for a trait |
| Heterozygous (Genetics) | Individual with 2 DIFFERENT alleles for a trait |
| Dominant (Genetics) | Gene that can "mask" or cover up the effect of the other gene (which is recessive) |
| Punnet Squares (Genetics) | Tool used to to show the probability of the resulting offspring from a cross between individuals |
| Nondisjunction (Genetics) | Mutation(during meiosis)that can result in the deletion or addition of entire chromosomes as in Down's Syndrome |
| Sex-linked Trait (Genetics) | Traits located on the X chromosome (ex: Colorblindness) |
| Community (Ecology) | Group of interacting population |
| Ecosystem (Ecology) | All living and non-living parts (community in addition to the abotic factors) |
| Carrying Capacity (Ecology) | Number of organisms that can be safely supported by the environment |
| Abotic Factors (Ecology) | Non-living Components (EX:air, temperature, water) |
| Botic Factors (Ecology) | All living Factors (EX:Animals, Plants, Bacteria) |
| Symbiosis (Ecology) | Close relationship between 2 individuals of different species |
| Mutualism (Ecology) | When both organisms benefits from the interaction |
| Commensalism (Ecology) | one organism benefits while the other is not harmed or helped |
| Parasitism (Ecology) | One organism lives off the other and does damage |
| Ecological Succession (Ecology) | Series of changes in a community in which new populations of organisms are gradually replace the existing ones |
| Habitat (Ecology) | physical space in which an organism lives |
| Niche (Ecology) | the location occupied by an organism and its functional role in the community |
| Producer (Ecology) | Organism that must take energy from the sun to make its own food (plants) |
| Consumer (Ecology) | Organism that must eat other organisms for food |
| Herbivores (Ecology) | eats plants |
| Carnivores (Ecology) | Eats meat |
| Omnivores (Ecology) | eats both plants and animals |
| Decomposers | Organisms that break down waste and dead organisms (bacteria and Fungus) |
Created by:
hollyallen
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