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Evolution

EOCT practice

TermDefinition
natural selection Process in which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring
speciation The formation of one or more new species from the pre existing species
Malthus believed people competed for limited resources, influenced Darwin
evidence for evolution embryology, geology, anatomy, fossils
homologous same structure, different use
analogous different structure, same use
vestigial unnecessary structure
adaptation Trait best suited for a particular environment
heritability Capable of being inherited
fitness Ability of an organism to survive, find food, shelter, mate and reproduce
gene pool All of the alleles of a population
allele frequency The percentage of an allele in a population
genetic drift Random event causes change in allele frequency; examples are bottleneck effect and founder effect
bottleneck effect occurs when an event drastically reduces population size
founder effect when a few individuals start a new population
gene flow Movement of alleles from one population to another
coevolution Organisms evolve in response to each other
punctuated equilibrium Species change is caused by rapid events that change the environment; characterized by periods of stability followed by periods of change
radiometric dating The use of radioactive elements in a fossil or rock layer to determine the age of the specimen
half-life the amount of time it tkaes for one half of the original amount of the element to break down
Cambrian explosion the relatively rapid appearance of most major animal phyla in the Cambrian period, as demonstrated in the fossil record
convergent evolution Similar structures, evolved in unrelated organisms; example - fins on sharks and whales
divergent evolution speciation; when two populations become too different to mate
Wallace published theory of natural selection with Darwin
Bonnet first to use the term 'evolution'
Mendel Father of Genetics; studied pea plants
Watson and Crick built first model of DNA
Lyell uniformitarianism
Hutton gradualism
Lamarck inheritance of acquired traits
biological resistance organism develops immunity to chemical/antibiotics after repeated exposure
reproductive isolation populations are separated due to geographic barrier, timing or behaviors; unable to mate and become very different
Created by: mrsstevens
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