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Pharm - Pulmonary
Pulmonary Pharmacology from First Aid 2013
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antihistamines block which receptor? | H1 |
| First generation H1 blockers treat what? Name some. | Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid. They are more sedating because they cross into the CNS. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine. |
| Second generation H1 blockers treat what? Name some. | Allergy only. They're far less sedating. Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, ceterizine (usually end in "-adine") |
| What is the classic beta-2 agonist used in acute asthma? | Albuterol |
| What are salmeterol, formoterol? What are their side effects? | Long-acting beta-2 agonists used in the prophylactic treatment of asthma. SFX: tremor, arrhythmia |
| Theophylline: MOA, Use, Tox | MOA: inhibits PDE, increasing cAMP Use: bronchodilation in asthma Tox: CYP450, nephro- and cardiotoxicity. Blocks action of adenosine*** |
| Ipratropium: MOA, Use, Tox | MOA: blocks muscarinic receptors Use: prevents bronchoconstriction in asthma Also used in COPD. |
| How are corticosteroids used in asthma? | "-asones" inhibit the synthesis of all cytokines and inactivate NF-kB, the TF that induces TNFa. First line therapy for chronic asthma prevention. |
| How are anti-leukotrienes used in asthma treatment? | They block leukotriene receptors or LOX acitivity and so are especially good for aspirin-induced asthma. Montelukast, zafirlukast - block receptors Zileuton - inhibit LOX |
| Omalizumab: MOA, Use, Tox | Anti-IgE antibody, used in asthma resistant to other treatment. |
| Which asthma therapies target the early response (symptoms), and which target the late response (inflammation)? | Early: beta-agonists, theophylline, anti-muscarinics Late: steroids, anti-leukotrienes |
| What are cromolyn drugs? | They block mast cell degranulation. They used to be common in asthma treatment but have since been replaced by anti-leukotrienes. |
| Guaifenesin: MOA, Use | Expectorant that thins mucus secretions but does not suppress the cough reflex. |
| What is N-acetylcysteine's use in the context of the respiratory system? | It is a mucolytic that can loosen mucus plugs in CF patients. |
| Bosentan: MOA, Use | MOA: Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1, decreasing PVR. Use: Treats pulmonary artery HTN. |
| Dextromethorphan: MOA, Use, Tox | MOA: as an anti-tussive, stimulates NMDA glutamate receptors. Tox: as a codeine analog, has mild opioid effects; Rx O/D with naloxone |
| Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine: MOA, Use, Tox | MOA: sympathetic a-agonists, decongestant Use: reduce nasal hyperemia, congestion Tox: HTN, and a stimulant (weight loss) |
| Methacholine: MOA, Use | MOA: muscarinic receptor agonist Use: used in asthma challenge testing |
Created by:
wmwebb89
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