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Blood Banking C15-16
Blood Banking test Ch 15-16 for DelTech Owens
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A massive transfusion is defined as ? | the replacement of one or more blood volumes within 24 hours. |
| 3 problems with massive transfusions include ? | 1. microvascular hemorrhage 2. citrate toxicity 3. hypothermia |
| What 3 treatments exist for microvascular hemorrhage? | 1. platelets 2. fresh frozen plasma 3. control of hypotension |
| What 2 treatments exist for cases involving citrate toxicity? | 1. slower infusion 2. calcium replacement if severe |
| How do you treat hypothermia? | High-flow blood warmers |
| Microvascular damage can be due to __ of coagulation factors and platelets. | dilution (not enough of them relative to other blood components to prevent hemorrhage) |
| Microvascular damage can be caused by low blood pressure, or __. | hypotension |
| Microvascular damage can be due to platelet __. | consumption (platelets get used up before all hemorrhage can be stopped, like in DIC) |
| Citrate toxicity can be caused by a decrease in __ calcium from the anticoagulants in blood products. | ionized |
| Massive hemorrhage is associated with liver transplants due to __. | hypocoagulability |
| What kind of blood components should be given in cases of heart and lung transplants? | leukoreduced |
| What development has reduced the need for kidney transplants? | synthetic erythropoietin |
| In kidney transplants, leukoreduced products reduce __ to HLAs. | alloimmunization |
| Survival of transplanted (graft) organs is enhanced by __-__ donor-recipient combination. | HLA-matched |
| Hematopoietic cells contain __ and __ cells. | stem and progenitor |
| Stem cell transplants can be of what 3 types? | 1. allogenic 2. syngeneic 3. autologous |
| What 3 sources can be used to obtain the hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs)? | 1. bone marrow 2. peripheral blood (apheresis) 3. umbilical cord blood |
| Is ABO compatibility necessary for HPC transplants? | no |
| Delayed __ may occur after a major ABO-incompatible transplant. | engraftment |
| What can occur after a minor ABO-incompatible transplant? | hemolysis |
| In cases where ABO mismatched grafts are used, what 2 things must be compatible with donor and recipient grafts? | RBCs and plasma |
| Therapeutic apheresis removes what 3 things? | 1. abnormal cells 2. plasma 3. plasma constituents |
| Therapeutic apheresis can be used to reduce the quantity of a particular __. | antibody |
| Therapeutic apheresis can be used to clear __ __. | immune complexes |
| Therapeutic apheresis can be used to replace __ __. | cellular elements |
| Therapeutic apheresis can be used to supply an essential substance that is __. | absent |
| Therapeutic apheresis can be used to modify __ mediators. | inflammatory |
| What can cause a decrease in platelets, leukocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit all at once? | chemotherapy |
| What 3 side effects can occur due to chemotherapy? | 1. bleeding 2. anemia 3. infection |
| What 3 alternatives exits to transfusions? | 1. erythropoietin 2. CSFs (colony stimulating factors) 3. DDAVP (desmopressin) |
| Automated apheresis (collection) of RBCs requires 1 unit be taken every __ weeks. | 8 |
| Apheresis of 2 units of blood can occur every __ weeks. | 16 |
| What replaces the fluid that is lost due to apheresis? | saline |
| The final component of an apheresis must have a hemoglobin of __g and a minimum volume of __ mL. | hemoglobin 51g, volume 153mL |
| Double apheresis units are separated into __ units. | 2 |
| The glycerol conc of frozen RBCs stored with the high-glycerol method is __%. | 40 |
| The glycerol conc of frozen RBCs stored with the low-glycerol method is __%. | 20 |
| The initial freezing temp of RBCs stored with the high-glycerol method is ? | -80 to -65C |
| The initial freezing temp of RBCs RBCs stored with the low-glycerol method is ? | -196C |
| Frozen RBCs that employ the high-glycerol method can be stored for 10 years if kept at what temp? | -65C |
| Frozen RBCs that employ the low-glycerol method can be stored for 10 years if kept at what temp? | -120C |
| Once thawed, frozen RBCs are good for how long? | 24hours (it's considered an open system once thawed) |
| After thawing, the glycerol used in frozen RBCs must be __ with a saline solution. | removed |
| Washing thawed RBCs with normal saline removes plasma proteins that can cause what 3 reactions? | 1. allergic 2. febrile 3. anaphylactic |
| Irradiating RBCs prevents __ disease. | GVH (graft versus host) |
| GVH disease is a reaction against HLAs by what kind of cells? | T cells |
| How long do irradiated RBCs last? | 28 days |
| Should platelets be given in cases of chemotherapy or patient irradiation? | yes |
| What should the minimal platelet concentration be in the patient? | 5.5 x 1010 platelets |
| One unit of platelets increases the patient's platelet count by ? | 5,000 to 10,000/uL |
| Pooled platelets expire after how long? | 4 hours |
| To prevent febrile reactions or HLA alloimmunization, platelets should be ? | leukoreduced |
| FFP (fresh frozen plasma) can be given to patients in need of which coag factors? | II, V, X, or XI |
| What should you give to a patient who is bleeding but also taking warfarin therapy? | FFP |
| FFP can be given to patients with __ disease. | liver |
| Patients with DIC can be given ? | FFP |
| FFP and PF24 thaw in ? | 30-45 mins |
| FFP and PF24 are stored at what temp? | 1-6C |
| If FFP or PF24 are not transfused within 24 hours of thawing, they can be relabeled as "thawed plasma" and stored at 1-6C for up how long? | 5 days |
| Thawed plasma CANNOT be used to replace which factor? | 8 (VIII) |
| How many mL/kg of FFP or PF24 is given for factor replacement? | 10-20 |
| CRYO is the cold precipitate that forms when FFP is __ between 1-6C. | thawed |
| CRYO contains what factors? There are 5. | 1. VWF 2. fibrinogen 3. VIII 4. fibronectin 5. XIII |
| CRYO is a secondary treatment for what 2 conditions? | 1. hemophilia A 2. VWF |
| CRYO-reduced plasma (plasma after the CRYO has been removed) is a treatment ? | thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura |
| CRYO is mixed with __ to control surface bleeding during surgery. | thrombin |
| Why do apheresis granulocytes need to be crossmatched? | They contain some RBCs |
| According to ISBT 128 standards, autologous units must be labeled how? | For Autologous Use Only |
| Stored blood must be examined for what 3 things? | 1. hemolysis 2. color 3. clots |
| For shipping, platelets should be maintained at what temps? | 20-24C |
| What is the main regulatory and accreditory body in blood banking? | the FDA |
| An __ __ recreates every step in the production and distribution of a unit of blood and all its components. | audit trail |
| What color of ink should you use for manual record keeping? | blue or black; blue is preferred |
| A __ __ is a process that develops or changes existing procedures. | change control |
| Most lab instruments only have a __ degree temperature range wherein they'll function as expected. | 10 |
| Blood banks use __ irradiators for irradiation of blood components. | gamma |
Created by:
IsaacJ
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