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What is the name for the gradual physical decline that is related to aging and during which the body becomes less strong and efficient?
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Where are the first visible changes of aging?
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Chapter 12 Growth
Human Growth and Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the name for the gradual physical decline that is related to aging and during which the body becomes less strong and efficient? | Senescence |
| Where are the first visible changes of aging? | Skin |
| Collagen decreases by what percent per year? | 1% |
| True or False, by age 65, people lose about an inch of height? | True |
| In which part of the body does age-related height loss occur | The trunk, specifically the cushioning between the spine |
| Which narrows faster in aging, peripheral or frontal vision? | Peripheral |
| Which vision shift is more pronounced, color or black and white? | Color |
| Which eye issue becomes more pronounced gradually beginning in the 20's? A. Nearsightedness B. Farsightedness C. Estigmatism D. Glaucoma | A. Nearsightedness |
| In middle age, which is more common? A. Nearsightedness B. Farsightedness | B. Farsightedness |
| Gregg hold his newspaper far away from his face in order to read it. What eye degeneration is he suffering from? A. Nearsightedness B. Farsightedness C. Glaucoma D. Macular Degeneration | B. Farsightedness |
| True or False, most older adults are both nearsighted and farsighted? | True, younger adults are usually one or the other |
| What is the name for the loss of hearing associated with senescence? A. Tinnitus B. Cochlear stiffening C. Presbycusis D. Percussion | C. Presbycusis |
| What is the most common reason for male infertility? A. Erectile Dysfunction B. Low testosterone C. Inability to Orgasm D. Low sperm Count | D. Low sperm count |
| Once a person has reached adulthood, the vital capacity of his or her lungs drops about 4 % each: A. Year B. 5 years C. Decade D. lifetime | C. Decade |
| If he is a typical, a 45-year-old man will probably state that he feels _____ than his chronological age. A. Older B. Exactly C. Half D. 5 to 10 younger | D. 5 - 10 years younger |
| Obesity and weight-related medical problems are primarily reflective of which process? A. Homeostasis B. Allostasis C. Organ reserve D. Senescence | B. Allostasis |
| Rita enjoys an evening walk through her neighborhood every day. This habit is likely to: A. Lighten her allostatic load B. Increase her allostatic load C. Impair long term health D. Improve her mood but have little impact on her long-term health | A. lighten her allostatic load |
| Middle aged men and women in committed, monogamous relationships are MOST likely to be ______ with their sex lives? A. Extremely satisfied B. satisfied C. unsatisfied D. extremely dissatisfied | A. Extremely satisfied |
| Infertility is defined as being unable to conceive after ___ months of trying to get pregnant? A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12 | D. 12 |
| Approximately 15% of US couples are: A. Infertile B. Celibate C. Unfaithful D. Same-sex | A. Infertile |
| In approximately ___ of the cases, the cause of a couple’s infertility can be traced to the man A. 1/3 B. 1/2 C. 2/3 D. 3/4? | A. 1/3 |
| Malek is 45 years old. Research indicates that it will take him approximately ____ times as long to impregnate a woman now than 20 years ago A. 30 B. 35 C. 40 D. 45 | D. 45 |
| The risk of birth defects and later serious illnesses is 3% for what group of newborns? A. All B. Multiples C. In vitro D. Premature | C. In vitro |
| Which is true of an aging brain: A. Neurons fire faster B. Reaction time lengthens C. Brain size increases, D. Multitasking becomes easier | B. Reaction time lengthens |
| Before the age of 65 ___ percent of individuals experience significant brain loss? A. 1% B. 4% C. 8% D. 15% | A. 1% |
| What are the odds a person will inherit the dominant gene for Alzheimer disease? A. 1 in 1000 B. 10 in 1000 C. 50 in 1000 D. 100 in 1000 | A. 1 in 1000 |
| True or false, severe brain loss that occurs before late adulthood could be caused by normal senescence? | False |
| At what age does a female have the most acute hearing? A. 10 B. 18 C. 25 D. 35 | A. 10 |
| George is 65 years old and is experience age-related hearing loss. Which sound would be least audible to him? A. a low, bass beat B. Music on headphones D. the voice of a small child | D. the voice of a small child |
| Which vision change ISN'T associated with aging A. night vision declines, driving at night is harder B. Nearsightedness increases while farsightedness decreases C. Those previously nearsighted can now drive without glasses D. Peripheral vision narrows | B. Nearsightedness increases while farsightedness decreases |
| Which physical change does NOT typically occur in middle adulthood? A. Hair thins and treys B. Skin wrinkles C. Muscles weaken and waistline widens D. The space between spinal disks widens | D. The space between spinal disks widens |
| In middle adulthood, a person is MOST apt to lose: A. A significant amount of weight B. Nearly an inch in height C. The ability to run more than a mile D. The ability to experience orgasm | B. Nearly an inch in height |
| The average age of menopause is about ____ years A. 40 B. 45 C. 51 D. 60 | C. 51 |
| True or false, HRT involves replacing testosterone that naturally declines with age? | False, it involves replacing estrogen and progesterone |
| True or False, Research on HRT has yielded consistent findings? | False |
| True or false, some findings related to HRT’s efficacy may have been affected by SES? | True |
| True or False, Hormone Replacement Therapy increases the risk of osteoporosis? | False |
| The term andropause is sometimes used to refer to: A. Sudden loss in fertility in a middle-aged man B. Sudden drop in testosterone at about age 50 C. The age-related reduction in testosterone D. Impotence as a reaction to a wife’s menopause | C. The age-related reduction in testosterone |
| The diseases and chronic conditions associated with aging A. Are inevitable, regardless of lifestyle B. May be slightly modified by lifestyle C. May have delayed onset due to lifestyle D. May be strongly affected by lifestyle | D. May be strongly affected by lifestyle |
| A researcher is compiling data on the incidence of several different diseases. This data reflects: A. Mortality B. Morbidity C. Disability D. Vitality | B. Morbidity |
| Difficulty in performing normal activities of daily life because of a "physical, mental or emotional condition" is called: A. Mortality B. Morbidity C. Disability D. Vitality | C. Disability |
| The measure of health MOST indicative of the quality of one's daily life is: A. Freedom from mental illness B. Morbidity C. Disability D. Vitality | D. Vitality |
| Examining worldwide trends in smoking shows that smoking: A. Is increasing worldwide, including North America B. Is a habit for 1/3 of adults in Greece and Turkey C. trends have been stable for 10 years D. is low in males from China and India | B. Is a habit for 1/3 of adults in Greece and Turkey |
| All smoking diseases are: A. Dose and duration sensitive B. Decreasing worldwide C. Destructive only to the lungs D. Less likely to affect African Americans | A. Dose and duration sensitive |
| What global trend is present in regards to alcohol? A. Rich countries have more abstainers and abusers B. Rich counties have more heavy drinkers C. Poor countries have more abstainers and abusers D. Poor countries have more moderate drinkers | C. Poor countries have more abstainers and abusers |
| Research studies on alcohol use show that: A. Alcohol use of any kind is dangerous to health B. Alcohol raises "bad" cholesterol C. Moderate use of alcohol may increase longevity D. Alcohol abuse is most common during adolesence | C. Moderate use of alcohol may increase longevity |
| As Tom helped himself to a fourth beer, he announced to everyone at the barbecue that alcohol is healthy in moderation. How does the text define "moderation"? A. 1 drink/day B. 2 drinks/day C. 3 drinks/day D. 3 drinks/week | B. 2 drinks/day |
| Jim, who is 60, is slowly gaining weight. He isn't eating any more than usual. Why is he gaining weight? A. His metabolism slowed by 1/3 in late adulthood B. He's dehydrated C. His height is decreasing D. He took medication that increased his appetite | A. His metabolism slowed by 1/3 in late adulthood |
| Which country has experience a double of its diabetes rate? A. US B. Mexico C. UK D. Canada | A. USA USA USA |
| Currently in the US, ____ percent of adults are overweight A. 33% B. 50% C. 65% D. 75% | C. 65% |
| In middle adulthood, an individual is obese if their BMI is greater than or equal to ____ A. 25 B. 30 C. 35 | B. 30 |
| Which statement about gastric bypass surgery is false? A. Death rates without it are higher for morbidly obese adults B. 25% of patients require additional surgery C. Surgery decreases the need for life-changing habits D. Surgery causes weight loss | C. Surgery decreases the need for life-changing habits |
| What percentage of adults in the US get at least 30 min/day of exercise? A. Less than 1% B. More than 40% C. 20% D. Less than 5% | D. Less than 5% |
| What is one crucial factor for success at the implementation stage of breaking a habit? A. Social Support B. Trying to tackle more than one habit at a time C. breaking the habit on one's own D. Not telling anyone of the plan or date of change | A. Social Support |
| What is the term for the phenomenon that happens when a person’s resolve to break a habit fades when faced with stress? A. Attention myopia B. Stressor C. Allostatic Load D. Motivational Forgetting | A. Attention myopia |
| Lena plans to quit smoking shortly before losing her job. In the ensuing turmoil she bought more cigs. This is an example of: A Attention myopia B. Poor planning C. Motivational forgetting D. Implementation | C. Poor Planning |
| With which coping style do people try to attack a stressor in some way? A. Emotion-Focused B. Problem-focused C. Weathering D. Ignoring-Retreating | B. Problem-focused |
| In which coping style do people try to change their attitude about a stressor? A. Emotion-focused B. Problem-focused C. Weathering D. Ignoring-Retreating | A. Emotion-focused |
| Jay is stressed so she turns to friends for support. What best explains the physical aspect of her coping A. She arranges her life to minimize stressors, experiencing reduced stress B. Her body is producing oxytocin which encourages caring interaction | B. Her body is producing oxytocin which encourages caring interaction |
| In the US, after age 35, a person’s life span increases ___ years for each year of education? A. 1.1 B. 1.4 C. 1.7 D. 2.3 | C. 1.7 |
| Which statement DOESN'T describe an effect of SES on lifespan? A. Higher educated people live longer B. In the US. the difference in lifespan between lowest and highest SES is 30 years C. The impact of SES on lifespan is decreasing in the US | C. The impact of SES on lifespan is decreasing in the US |
| Which ethnic group in the US is most apt to die from breast cancer? A. Caucasian B. African American C. Chinese American D. Native American | B. African American |
| Diseases of affluence: A. are now more common among the poor B. have been described as obesity-related C. have been linked with prescription drug use D. no longer includes Diabetes | A. are now more common among the poor |
| Immigrants are statistically ____ than native-born individuals A. Healthier and wealthier B. healthier and poorer C. less healthy and poorer D. less healthy but wealthier | B. healthier and poorer |
| Which psychologist proposed the existence of general intelligence, or g? A. Spearman B. Thurstone C. Gardner D. Sternberg | A. Spearman |
| The term "g" refers to: A. grand intelligence B. general intelligence C. great intelligence D. gross intelligence | B. general intelligence |
| Research that analyzes the cognitive development of the same individuals as they develop over the years is called: A. cross-sectional research B. representative samples C. longitudinal research D. sequential research | C. longitudinal research |
| A problem with cross-sectional research is that: A. cohort differences can make it difficult to differentiate between developmental change and contextual differences B. retesting leads older subjects to do better C. intelligent people drop out | A. cohort differences can make it difficult to differentiate between developmental change and contextual differences |
| The Flynn effect refers to the: A. rise in an individual’s IQ over the years B. decrease in IQ over the years C. Rise in average IQ over generations D. Decrease in average IQ over generations | C. Rise in average IQ over generations |
| The Flynn effect is MOSt likely due to changes in: A. test-taking strategies B. electronic media C. people's reaction time D. nutrition, education, and health | D. nutrition, education, and health |
| A Dr. studying math abilities finds differences between scores of adults born 50 years ago and those born 25 years ago. This is an example of: A. Failure of longitudinal research B. Advantage of cross-sectional research C. Cohort difference D. ur mom | C. Cohort difference |
| Testing groups of subjects of different ages multiple times and comparing their scores with their previous scores plus scores of new groups the same ages is called: A. Longitudinal research B. Cross-sectional Research C. Cross-sequential research | C. Cross-sequential research |
| Schaie’s cross-sequential research demonstrated: A. There is a decline in most abilities after age 30 B. Individuals improve in most mental abilities during adulthood C. Women are smarter than men | B. Individuals improve in most mental abilities during adulthood |
| Which two researchers concluded fluid and crystallized intelligence are the most crucial aspects of intelligence? A. Cattel and Horn B. Bayley and Oden C. Sternberg and Gardner D. Jones and Conrad | A. Cattel and Horn |
| Basic intelligence that makes learning quick and thorough is referred to as ____ intelligence? A. fluid B. crystallized C. practical D. intuitive | A. fluid |
| Which statement about fluid intelligence is true? A. it is the accumulation of facts B. it is quick and flexible C. it includes long-term memory for dates in history D. it includes the size of one's vocabulary | B. it is quick and flexible |
| Fluid intelligence includes: A. a knowledge of geographical facts B. the speed of processing mathematical information C. the size of one's science vocabulary D. the ability to recognize and name famous paintings | B. the speed of processing mathematical information |
| Which is the best example of fluid intelligence? A. naming the British monarchs chronologically B. quickly recognizing relationships between words C. extensive knowledge of computer programming D. the ability to read and interpret an EKG | B. quickly recognizing relationships between words |
| Which example relies MOST heavily upon crystallized intelligence? A. solving a crossword puzzle B. knowing the chemical symbols for various elements C. writing a poem about owls D. analyzing relationships between concepts | B. knowing the chemical symbols for various elements |
| Analytic intelligence involves: A. the skills used in everyday problem solving B. abstract planning, focused attention, and verbal and logical skills C. an accumulation of facts and knowledge based on experience D. Being intellectually flexible | B. abstract planning, focused attention, and verbal and logical skills |
| Students taking multiple-choice exams are using the form of intelligence Sternberg calls ____ A. Practical B. Analytic C. creative D. academic | B. Analytic |
| Creative intelligence requires _____ thinking. A. divergent B. convergent C. adaptive D. practical | A. divergent |
| Which of Sternberg's three forms of intelligence is sometimes called "street smarts"? A. creative B. practical C. analytic D. general | B. practical |
| Practical intelligence would be needed to: A. study vocabulary for a foreign language test B. take a standard intelligence test C. improve reading speed D. understand the needs of family members | D. understand the needs of family members |
| Betty is a retired nurse frequently called in to take over without time to get oriented. Which type of Sternberg’s intelligences is she using? A. practical B. creative C. flexible D. analytic | A. practical |
| Over the long run, _____ intelligence is prized whenever life circumstances change or new challenges arise A. creative B. crystallized C. analytic D. practical | A. creative |
| The Mullers have just had a baby. Both parents must now adapt to the new demands of caring for an infant. This requires ____ intelligence? A. Formal B. Creative C. Analytic D. Practical | D. Practical |
| Which type of intelligence is MOST valued during high school and college? A. creative B. practical C. behavioral D. analytic | D. analytic |
| What does the KIDI scale measure? A. Knowledge of Infant Digestion B. Knowledge of Infant Development C. Knowledge of Information Development D. Knowledge of Indicators of Depression | B. Knowledge of Infant Development |
| When supportive, encouraging people visit low-income moms, the result: A. improved mom's knowledge of infant development B. increase in household income C. improved mom's ability to create an appropriate environment D. improved mom's analytic skills | C. improved mom's ability to create an appropriate environment |
| What is the name of the process in which adults use their intellectual strengths to offset their age-related declining abilities? A. Compensatory thinking B. Selective Optimization with compensation C. Optimization of maturation and wisdom | B. Selective Optimization with compensation |
| For a typical middle-aged adult, intelligence usually increases: A. in the specific areas that reflect their interest B. in all areas during adulthood C. Only areas related to work and employment D. slightly in random ways | A. in the specific areas that reflect their interest |
| Which is the BEST example of using selective optimization with compensation? A. Driving a standard transmission so you wont forget B. Learning to play piano C. Using sticky note reminders in your home, office and car D. Wearing glasses | C. Using sticky note reminders in your home, office and car |
| Who is a better choice for operating, a new doctor or an experienced doctor? A. Experienced, surgery completed more quickly B. Experienced, more strategic and flexible C. New, knows recent techniques D. New, younger, thinks faster & can adjust better | B. Experienced, more strategic and flexible |
| When developmentalists use the term "expert," they mean a person who: A. is gifted in one area B. has earned advanced credentials in his or her special area C. is innately skilled D. is significantly better than others at performing a certain task | D. is significantly better than others at performing a certain task |
| To solve a problem in their specialty, the expert is more likely than the novice to: A. rely on past experiences B. give conscious attention to all aspects of the problem C. rely on formal procedures D. verbalize exactly how they achieve results | A. rely on past experiences |
| Compared to novices, experts typically: A. work more slowly B. are less flexible C. are more intuitive D. exhibit more arrogance | C. are more intuitive |
| When the though required for action has become routine, and it appears that most aspects of the task are performed instinctively, the performance of the task is: A. automatic B. optimized C. compensated D. efficient | A. automatic |
| Thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought is ____ processing. A. strategic B. flexible C. automatic D. intuitive | C. automatic |
| Experts tend to be intuitive, automatic, ___ & ____ in their thinking. A. strategic; inflexible B. strategic; flexible C. flexible; analytical D. analytical; inflexible | B. strategic; flexible |
| Which about age and expertise is true? A. Expertise can overcome some of the detrimental effects of age but not all B. Expertise can compensate for the deterioration that comes with age C. The effects of age apply equally to experts and novices | A. Expertise can overcome some of the detrimental effects of age but not all |
| Research on cab drivers indicates drivers with more experience: A. had IQs due to work B. had brains that adjusted to the need for a particular kind of knowledge C. were less effective over time as they tuned out details D. had slower processing skill | B. had brains that adjusted to the need for a particular kind of knowledge |
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