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Anatomy Final

Exams 1,2,3

QuestionAnswer
T or F: Most organs are made of many tissue and cell types TRUE
That body system involved with the coverings of the body Integumentary
The word organic refers to molecules or compound that contain Carbon
Our "genes" are actually this type of macromolecule Nucleic Acid
A string of many glucose monosaccharides is called a Polysaccharide
Table sugar (made of fructose and glucose) is simply a type of disaccharide
This functional group can be found attached to just about every carbon on a monosaccharide OH
Proteins are made of simpler units called Amino Acids
The major lipid found in plasma (cell) membranes is phospholipid
The major carbohydrate we used for energy is Glucose
The "backbone" of a protein can easily be distinguished from other macromolecules based on the presence of carbon and Nitrogen
The "amino" portion of an amino acid is the end that contains the Nitrogen
A triglyceride contains how many fatty acid "tails" Three
A phospholipid is different from a triglyceride molecule. A phospholipid has two fatty acid tails and a Phosphate group
The precursor to all steriod hormones (such as testosterone) is cholesterol
The bond between two amino acids can best be called a Peptide bond
The primary structure of a protein refers to its Order of amino acids
The secondary structure of a protein refers to its Number of alpha helices or beta sheets
Enzymes have a basic function of Helping to catalyze biochemical reactions
Most enzymes are proteins
DNA contains the base___, whereas RNA contains the base___ Thymine, Uracil
TRUE OR FALSE: DNA is typically a single stranded molecule whereas RNA is typically a double stranded molecule False
DNA is composed of nucleotides which consist of a phosphate group, a nitrogen base and a ___ 5-carbon sugar
DNAs function in a cell is as instructions to make proteins
A typical somatic (body) cell in a human contains 46 chromosomes
A molecule of ATP is simply a type of Nucleotide
Channels that allow molecules to enter or leave a cell are typically made of Proteins
THe major cellular organelle involved in energy production is the mitochondria
The cellular organelle that contains or DNA is the Nucleus
The cellular organelle involved in the breakdown of cellular wastes is the Lysosome
The cellular organelle involved in the production (processing) of proteins is the Rough endoplasmic reticulum
These are the protein structures in a cell involved in protein synthesis Ribosomes
The passive movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to low concentration is called Diffusion
Actin is a type of cellular Microfilament
Centrioles, made of microtubules, are involved in cellular division. During cellular division, these microtubules attact to ____ and move them about the cell chromosomes
The pH within a lysosome is very low. This cellular organelle is involved in degrading worn out substances. A low pH can be considered Acidic
All glands, such as sweat glands, are made of ____ tissue Epithelial
A red blood cell placed in an isotonic solution will stay the same
TRUE OR FALSE: Epithelial tissue and connective tissues are the most regenerative of human tissues True
Which of the following cells is likely to undergo mitosis and divide skin cells
A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will Swell
The main tissue involved in covering the body surfaces and organs is Epithelial
Thes tyoe of body tissue helps move substances through our digestive system muscle
Most tendons and ligaments are made of this type of tissue Dense regular connective tissue
This is the main body tissue that detects and responds to a stimulus Nervous
Bone is considered Connective tissue
Which type of muscle tissue is NOT striated Smooth
Which of these is the primary nerve cell that is involved in sending nervous signals neuron
What type of epithelial cell is flat squamous
what two tissue types are the main ones found in our skin Epithelial and connective
What is the most common type of epidermal cell kerinocyte
Which epidermal cell is a type of immune cell (macrophage)? Langerhan's cell
The epidermis provides a physical barrier due to the presence of keratin
Skin color is determined by blood in skin, oxygenation level of blood, skin pigments. (all of the above)
Which epidermal cell is a type of sensory cell Merkel Cell
Hair and nails are considered derivatives of the epidermis
Functionally, these glands produce the oils for our hair sebaceous gland
Hair thinning or balding is called Alopecia
A burn that caused light damage to the dermis is called a Second degree burn
With third degree burns, the first major concern to the patient is fluid loss
The shaft of a long bone is properly called Diaphysis
This type of cartilage is lovated in the major weight baring regions of the vertebral column Fibrocartilage
Hematopoesis occurs in this region of the bones red marrow
Endochondrally formed bones are made from Hyaline cartilage
Remodeling of bone is a function of these cells Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
The disorder in which bones are characterized be excessive and abnormal bone remodeling is called osteomalacia
The fist stage in the healing of a bond fracture is hematoma
Calcitonin causes bone formation
The channel that allows blood and nerves to penetrate compact bone is called a haversian canal
The major connective tissue fiber of bones is collagen
The main structure of a long bone that allows blood and nerves into the shaft of the bone is called the _____ foramen nutrient
Which of these is not part of the axial skeleton Humerus
Which skull bone is movable mandible
Which bone does not have a sinus associated with it nasal
Which bone houses the supraorbital foramen Frontal
Which bone houses the foramen magnum occipital
Which bone houses the carotid foramen temporal
Which part of the temporal bone comes into contact with the zygomatic bone Zygomatic process
Which bone houses the incisive foramen maxilla
The crista gali of the ethmoid bone is an attachment point for Brain meninges (covering)
Which part of the mandible bone attaches to the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone condylar process
which of these structures is often used be a dentist to deaded teeth in the lower jaw mental foramen
There are more of these types of vertebrae in an adult human than any other Thoracic
The dens is part of this vertebrae axiz
Which vertebrae have dimifacets that articulate with the ribs Thoracic
Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicle manubrium
True ribs are those that attach directly to the sternum
The intervertebral disks between our vertebrae are strengthened by an outer layer of fibrocartilage
In human males, the coccyx points slightly anteriorly
Most oxygen is transported in our bloodstream by Hemoglobin
Which of these is not a type of white blood cell Erythrocyte
The most numerous of blood cells is typically the erythrocyte
Most carbon dioxide is transported in our bloodstream by Nothing. Most is dissolved in blood plasma
The right side of the hear sends blood to the lungs
The left side of the heart sends blood to the Body in general
The pulmonary artery carries blood That is unloaded with oxygen AND away from the heart (Both B and C)
Blood is considered a type of Connective tissue
What type of blood is compatible with a type O blood person who is recieving a transfusion Type O
TRUE OR FALSE: The heart generates its own pacemaker and is innervated by the vagus to control the rhythm and strength of our heartbeat True
Which of these is associated with helping clot and patch damaged areas to our blood vessels? Thrombocyte
Which of these is the largest part of the heart? Left Ventricle
Which of these valves is located between the left atrium and ventricle Bicuspid (Mitral) valve
The vagus nerve and its control of the heart are considered part of this system parasympathetic
An ECG is a direct recording of electrical activity in the heart
The valves in the heart open and close in response to changing pressures in the heart
The major veins emptying blood directly into the right side of the heart are the Superior and inferior vena cava
The human heart contains ___ chambers four
The heart is positioned slightly tilted to the left with atria over the ventricles
The site of gas and nutrient exchange between the blood and our tissues occurs in Capillaries
These blood vessels are often described as "muscular" due to their large content of smooth muscle Arteries
Highest blood pressures in the body occur in these blood vessels arteries
Which of these is NOT a type of capillary plasmodial
Cardiovascular and respiratory monitoring systems are primarily located in the Brain
Inhalation is primarily controlled by this muscle Diaphragm
The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal, quiet breathing is referred to as Tidal volume
Cardiac output is normally maintained by controlling stroke volume and heart rate
gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the alveoli
Why are blood pressures taken in the upper arm It is at the same level as the heart
What is making the clicking sound a physician is listening to when he/she places a stethoscope on your chest or back? Heart valves as they open and close
Other than providing oxygen to your body, what else can our lungs do? Help control blood pH
Cells in the alveoli produce this chemical to help them make sure our lungs do not collapse Surfactant
Under this condition it is difficult for our red blood cells to pick up oxygen Acidic or low pH AND high temperature (A and C)
These conditions in the lungs make it easy for our red blood cells to pick up oxygen High oxygen concentrations
These conditions in the tissues make it easy for our red blood cells to unload or release oxygen low pH
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