Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Immunology Final
Organ and Tissue Transplantation, Lec 25
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Blood transfusion can lead to ___. | Severe blood loss |
| Solid organ transplant can lead to ____. | Replace failed organs: kidney, liver |
| Bone marrow transplant can lead to _____. | Leukemia, lymphoma, or sever immune deficiency |
| Lysis of transfused RBC happens because ____ | Recipeient Ab against mismatched ABO, Rh D Ag on donor RBC |
| Transplant rejection happens because _____ | recipient immune system attacks transplanted donor organ |
| Graft vs. Host disease happens because ______ | Immune cells from donor BM attack recipient tissues |
| What are 4 types of Graft transplants? | 1) Autograft 2) Syngeneic graft (isograft) 3) Allogenic graft (allograft) 4) Xenograft |
| _____ is a transplant of own tissues, so it induces no transplant rejection | Autograft |
| _____ is a transplant from an identical twin, so it induces no transplant rejection | Syngeneic graft (isograft) |
| _____ is a transplant from genetically different individuals, so it induces transplant rejection. Alloantigens are ____,so an _____ is when ____. | Allogeneic graft (allograft), Ags differ between members of the same species, Alloreactive response, an immune response against alloantigens. |
| What are 3 determinants that induce the alloreactive immune response? | ABO blood group (mismatch), MHC as alloantigens (mismatch), and Minor Histocompatiblitiy organs (mismatch) |
| If MHCs of donor and recip are mismatched, recipient ___ will react to donor _____ to dev T&B resp against the allograft. With _____ MHC match becomes less important. | T cells, allo-MHC molecules, immune suppressive drugs |
| Organ transplantation between MHC matching siblings will still be rejected because of ____ such as the ____ which is ____. Most are encoded by _____ chromosomes. | Minor histocompatibility antigens, H-Y antigen, not expressed in females so bro to sis organ transplantation is rejected, autosomal |
| In modern day blood , ____ are removed to reduce adverse immune responses and separated. ___ is used in case of sig blood loss, ____ are used to stop bleeding (internal and external), and ____ is used during loss of blood volume or proteins. | WBCs, RBC, Plts or blood clotting factors, Plasma |
| _____ to the mismatched major Blood type Ags will cause severe Type 2 hypersensitivity | Preexisting Abs |
| For _____, the recipient has Ab to bacterial components that are cross-reactive to the ABO Ag | ABO types |
| For _____ types, ____ is the main alloantigen. A - person could develop Ab after exposure during pregnancy and delivery with a + fetus. A + person will be tolerant to the alloantigen. | Rhesus (Rh), Rh D |
| T or F: an MHC match is not normally required during blood transfusion | True |
| T or F: patients with multiple blood transfusions may develop Ab responses to other polymorphic blood type Ags and experience Type 2 Hypersensitivity | True |
| What are two methods for reducing organ rejection? | Match the alloantigens (ABO, HLA) or use Immunosuppressive drugs |
| In the process of alloreactive immune response of organ transplants, _____ migrate out of the graft and enter 2ndary lymphoid tiss and present alloantigen to naive T cells. The ______ are activated and become effector T cells and destroy graft tissues | DC's in organ graft, recipient alloantigen specific T cells |
| T or F: transplanted organs are usually in an inflammatory state due to stress resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1, etc) | True |
| In the DIRECT pathway of alloantigen recognition, ______ enter the recipient's lymphoid tissues to stimulate _____ against _____. This direct pathway is important in stimulating ______. | Allogeneic donor DC, recipient alloreactive T cells, Donor MHCs, alloreactive T cells and acute graft rejection |
| In the INDIRECT pathway of alloantigen recognition, recipient DCs phagocytose ______, process donor MHC/other alloAgs as ______, and present these peptides Ags to recipient naive T cells on ____. This pathway produces _____. | dead allogeneic donor DC or graft cell membrane components, Foreign Ags, recipient MHC molecules, alloantibodies |
| What are 2 types of preexisting Abs for hyperacute organ rejection? | 1) to ABO antigen due to ABO mismatch 2) to Allo-HLA class 1 or 2 due to pregnancy, prev blood transfusion or organ transplantation |
| To avoid hyperacute rejection in organ transplants, find a _____ or do a _____. | matching ABO type, cross-match test to test reactivity to donor HLA |
| the mechanism of acute organ rejection is similar to type ____ hypersensitivity. The alloreactive T cells are activated by the _____ pathway of allorecognition. The alloreactive T cell response will wean over time when _____. It can be prevented with ___. | 4, direct, donor DCs die out and inflammation subsides, immunosuppressive drugs |
| ______ occurs months or years after transplantation, activated through the ____ pathway of allorecognition. Activated donor HLA specific T cells activate its B cells to produce its abs called _____. Those in turn attack the ___ leading to organ failure | Chronic organ rejection, indirect, anti-graft HLA Ab, graft endothelial cells |
| What are two ways of reducing organ rejection? | HLA matching or immunosuppressive drugs |
| What are the important HLA's to match for organ transplantations? | HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR |
| What organs are less important to match HLAs? | Corneal or liver |
| What organs are more important to match HLAs? | Bone Marrow or Skin |
| What are the 3 classes of immunosuppressive drugs? | 1) corticosteroids which suppress the immune response 2) Anti-proliferative drugs which block proliferation of activated lymphocytes 3) T cell activation inhibitor which selectively inhibit T cell responses |
| Corticosteroids _______ by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and also PROMOTE graft tolerant response. Side effects include ___. | reduce inflammation, infection hypertension metabolic changes and moon face |
| ____ is an anti-cell proliferation drug that interferes with purine synthesis/DNA synthesis. It blocks _____ but also increases risk to ______. | Azathioprine, proliferating cells, infection and cancer |
| ____ is a T cell activation inhibitor that inhibits _____ activation (key in T cell activation transduction pathway). Its similar drugs such as ____ greatly improves the survival of organ transplantation and need for perfect HLA matches. | Cyclosporine A, calcineurin, FK506 |
| T or F: Therapeutic Ab (monoclonal Ab) inhibit cell activation by blocking costimulatory molecules, deleting T/B cells, or modulate lymphocyte trafficking | True |
| The BM transplant process first needs 1)_____ where ______, then 2)_____ where ______. | Myeloablative therapy, cytotoxic drugs/irradiation destroy recipient HSC system to prevent graft rejection, Engraftment, donor pluripotent stem cells repopulate in recipient and produce mature RBCs |
| In BM transplant, the reconstituted recipient is a chimera with donor ____ and recipient ____. There must be at least a ____ for HLA molecules | immune cells, thymus epithelial cells, partial match |
| The Graft vs. Host reaction is where _____ in donor bone marrow are activated by alloreactivity HLA in recipient tissues. It can be induced by both ___and ____ antigens. FETAL GVHD is a result of inflamed tissues that are highly vulnerable to this rxn. | T cells, MHC, minor histocompatibility |
| What are the benefits of graft vs host response in BM transplantation? | it can reduce residual host lymphocytes and may attack residual tumor cells (allotreaction). ie Graft vs leukemia (GVL)or Graft vs tumor (GVT) response |
Created by:
Hamncheese52
Popular Biology sets