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Anatomy Ch 11
ch 11 anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what does the nervous system do? | it is the master controlling and communicating system of body |
| 3 functions of the nervous system? | 1. sensory input 2. integration 3. motor output |
| what is sensory input? | info gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes |
| what is integration? | processing and interpretation of sensory input |
| what is motor output? | activation of effector organs produces a response |
| what is CNS? | brain and spinal cord |
| what is PNS? | everything else- mainly spinal and cranial nerves |
| what are the 2 divisions of the PNS? | 1. sensory (afferent) division 2. motor (efferent) division |
| what does sympathetic nervous system do? | fight or flight response |
| what does parasympathetic nervous system do? | calms you down- slow heart rate down, slow breathing down |
| function of astrocytes- | respond to nerve impulses and neurotransmitters |
| function of microglial cells- | to clean up |
| function of ependymal cells- | lines cavities of brain and spinal column, form permeable barrier between cerebrospinal fluid in cavities |
| function of oligodendrocytes- | processes wrap CNS nerve fibers, forming insulating myelin sheaths |
| describe satellite cells- | surround neuron cell bodies in PNS, function similar to astrocytes of CNS |
| describe schwann cells- | surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers |
| where is nuclei found? | CNS |
| where is ganglia found? | PNS |
| where are tracts found? | CNS |
| where are nerves found? | PNS |
| anterograde= | away from cell body |
| retrograde= | toward cell body |
| how are neurons structurally classified? | by number of processes- unipolar, bipolar, multipolar |
| how are neurons functionally classified? | by which direction the nerve impulse travels in- sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), interneurons |
| function of sensory neurons- | transmit impulses from sensory receptors toward CNS |
| function of motor neurons- | carry impulses from CNS to effectors |
| function of interneurons- | inbetween motor and sensory neurons |
| 99% of body's neurons are- | interneurons |
| membrane potentials respond to adequate stimulus by generating what? | an action potential |
| voltage= | measure of potential energy generated by separate charge |
| greater charge difference between points= | higher voltage |
| current= | flow of electrical charge between 2 points |
| resistance= | hindrance to charge flow |
| insulator= | substance with high electrical resistance |
| 2 main types of ion channels- | 1. leakage (nongated) channels 2. gated |
| leakage channels are- | always open |
| part of protein changes shape to open/close which channel? | gated |
| 3 types of gated channels- | 1. chemically gated 2. voltage gated 3. mechanically gated |
| resting membrane potential- | -70mV |
| a cell is more negative inside or outside? | inside |
| membrane potential changes when- | concentration of ions across membrane change, membrane permeability to ions change |
| membrane potential changes produce 2 types of signals- | 1. graded potential 2. action potential |
| depolarization= | decrease in membrane potential |
Created by:
mac01227
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