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Earth's History

Review Vocabulary Games for Ch.8- Earth's History

QuestionAnswer
Erosion A geologic process that occurs when ice, water or wing break down rocks and carry the pieces away
Uniformitarianism The principle that states that all geologic processes that occur today also occurred in the past
Igneous Rock A type of rock that forms when molten material from beneath the Earth's surface cools and hardens
Sedimentary Rock A type of rock that is made of sediments that have been deposited and then pressed together to form solid rock. Fossils are usually found in this type of rock.
Metamorphic Rock A type of rock that forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reactions. Most metamorphic rocks form deep underground.
Rock Cycle A series of processes on & beneath the Earth's surface that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another.
Relative Age of a rock The age of a rock compared to other rocks. There are 5 methods to help determine a rock's relative age.
Absolute Age of a rock The number of years since the rock formed.
Law of Superposition A law that states that in sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layers are at the bottom, the youngest layers are at the top.
Intrusion When magma cuts through rock layers deep underground then cools and hardens. Intrusions are always younger in age than the layers of rock it cuts through.
Extrusion When lava hardens on the surface. Extrusions are always younger than the rocks below it.
Fault A break in the Earth's crust. A fault is always younger than the rock it cuts through.
Unconformity A gap in the geologic record due to erosion of folded or tilted layers of earth. The surface where new rock layers meet a much older rock surface beneath them is an unconformity. The newer layers are always younger than the older layers below.
Index Fossil The fossilized remains of an organism that lived in a wide-spread area for a short period of time. The presence of index fossils help identify rock layers that are similar in age.
Element Matter that contains only 1 type of atom.
Radioactive decay The breaking down of unstable elements into more stable elements, releasing particles and energy.
Half-life The amount of time it takes for an unstable element to change one half into a more stable element.
Radioactive dating The process scientists use to determine the absolute age of rocks by the percent remaining of an unstable element.
Plates One of the 12 or more major pieces that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle which make up the Earth's outer surface (lithosphere).
Plate tectonics Scientific theory that states that the Earth's plates are slowly moving in various directions. This cause the continents to change positions over time.
Continental drift The very slow movement of continents.
Geologic Time Scale Record of all the life forms and geologic events in Earth's history
Era Longest unit in the Geologic Time scale.
Period Smaller units that divide up an era.
Invertebrate Animal without a backbone.
Vertebrate Animal that has a backbone.
Cambrian Explosion A time when many different kinds of aqautic organisms evolved and appeared within a very short period of time.
Amphibian An animal that lives part of its life on land and part of its life in the water.
Reptile Animal that has scaly skin, lays eggs with tough, leathery shells and is cold-blooded.
Mass extinction When many types of living things become extinct at the same time. Most eras and time periods end in a mass extinction.
Pangaea Supercontinent that formed when all the landmassses moved together about 260 million years ago.
Mammal Warm-blooded vertebrate that feeds its young milk.
K-T extinction A mass extinction of many creatures, including dinosaurs, that occurred 65 million years ago when an object (asteroid) from space struck the Earth.
Created by: sallyhanh
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