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Evolution

TermDefinition
turtles with different shaped shells and finches with different beaks species that Darwin studied
Charles Darwin father of evolution
Natural Selection/Survival of the Fittest Individuals with adaptations best suited to their environment survive, reproduce, and pass their hertiable traits to their offspring.
Artificial Selection Breeders select variations that they find most useful to improve crops and livestock
Genetic Recombination Crossing-over and sexual reproduction lead to an increase in genetic variation
gametes mutations must occur here in order to get passed on
genetic drift by chance genes are passed on to offspring because they survived a catastrophic event
gene flow a NEW allele enters (migrates) into the gene pool and changes the allele frequency
punctuated equilibrium model of evolution in which sudden (rapid) changes occur
gradualism model of evolution that is slow and steady in the process, many years
vestigial structure has lost all or part of its orginial function; pelvic bones in whale, appendix in humans
homologous structure same structure but different function ex. whale flipper and bat wing
analogous structure same function but different structure ex. butterfly wing and bat wing
molecular evidence similarities in DNA, proteins, amino acids
cladogram a branching diagram that shows relationships between organisms
stabilizing selection when the intermediate phenotypes are more fit than the extreme ones; birth weight is an example
directional selection when one extreme phenotype is more fit than all the others; light-colored moth vs dark-colored moth after the Industrial Revolution
disruptive selection when both extreme phenotypes are more fit than intermediate ones and is most likely to lead to speciation; Darwin's finches are an example
Created by: JMHSBIO
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