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CRCT Review
Geology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| metamorphic rock | rock that is created by changing rocks by heat and pressure inside the earth |
| mineral mica | breaks with cleavage because the atoms have a regular arrangement |
| hot spot | the Hawaiian island chain was created by magma rising through the crust of the earth in the same area fro a very long time. this is a hot spot. |
| coal | is formed from dead plants that lived millions of years ago. |
| types of coal | the types of coal are Anthracite, Bituminous, and Lignite |
| erosion | can cause mountains to be worn away by millions of years. However, at times forces inside the earth can be greater than erosion and cause land to be uplifted, |
| regional climate | the greatest influence that would cause the most weathering and erosion on the earths surface |
| faulting | breaking that cracks the earths crust can be found on the surface of the earth as well as below the surface |
| mountains | have high elevation and steep slopes. |
| plateaus | have medium elevations with steep gentle slopes |
| halite | breaks with cleavage at a 90 degree right angles to each other. |
| limestone | would be a very good example of a rock that can be worn down by chemicals |
| glaciers | glaciers can create U-shaped valleys in mountain areas. Glaciers can be classified as alpine or continental |
| Moh's mineral scale | is #ed 1-10. calcite has a hardness # of 3. quartz has a hardness # of 7. Diamond has a hardness # of 10. |
| crystal structure | the reason that minerals' hardness differs is because of the minerals' crystal structure. |
| compaction | can cause sedimentary rocks to form |
| igneous rock | can be intrusive of extrusive. they are fire formed and ar made of magma |
| rock cycle | is the process of rocks changing from one form to another, the three types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic |
| types of volcanoes | are shield, cinder cone, and composite |
| types of earth quakes | are primary waves secondary waves and surface waves |
| seismograph | is the instrument that picks up seismic waves |
| seismologist | a scientist that studies earthquakes |
| characteristics of minerals | are hardness, color, streak, fracture, cleavage, luster, and specific gravity |
| layers of the earth | the inner core, the outer core, the mantle made up into the asthenosphere, lithosphere, and the crust |
| most abundant compound, element, and metal in the crust | silicon is the most abundant element in the crust, sand is the most abundant compound in the crust, and aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust |
| ore | is a rock that contains a metal that can be extracted and used to help humanity |
| foliated rock | are rocks that from in layers |
| non-foliated rock | does not form in layers. |
| continental drift | is the scientific process used by scientist to explain how one large land mass millions of years ago became the seven continents today |
| cementation | of rock happens when particles of rocks get cemented together |
| deposition | means depositing sediments in an area and layers can build over time |
| fossil fuels | are nonrenewable resources . this means that once they are used up they are gone forever. |
| renewable resources | can be used over and over again |
| nonrenewable resources | this means that once they are used up they are gone forever. |
| topographic map | is a map that shows changes in elevation. Topographic maps can be 3-d or made with contour lines. |
| layers/horizons of soil | are horizon A, B, and C |
| stalactites | cone features hanging from the top of a a cave |
| stalagmites | cone features building up from the bottom of a cave |
| paleontology | the study of the past |
| paleontologist | is a scientist that studies the past |
| uniformitarianism | is the belief that the Geologic process of the past are happening just like they are today |
| catastrophism | is the idea that geologic change happens suddenly |
| superposition | states that younger rock layers are of the top of the older rock layers |
| earth changing | strata can be stretched, folded, sub-ducted, uplifted, and compressed. |
| evidence of plate tectonics | is volcanoes and earth quakes. |
| types of crust | continental and oceanic |
| sea floor spreading | occurs at the mid ocean ridge. younger rock if founded at the middle of the oceans near the mid ocean ridge while the older rock is found near the continents |
| seismology | the study of earth quakes |
| convergent | occur where tectonic plates are moving together |
| divergent | occur where tectonic plates are moving apart |
| transform | occur where tectonic plates are sliding past each other |
| plate tectonics | is the theory that the crustal plates of the earth have moved and are still moving |
| division of geologic time | the division from greatest to least is eons, eras, periods,and epochs |
| anticline | formation in which rock layers have folded upward and make a A-shaped structure. |
| syncline | is the opposite in which rock layers have been folded downward into a U-shaped formation |
| plains | have low elevations and gentle slopes |
| mechanical weathering | weathering caused by physical means |
| the richter scale | measures the strength of an earthquake |
Created by:
Awesomepaul115
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