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Biology Chapter 9

From genes to proteins

TermDefinition
Ribonucleic Acid Working instructions of genes that are made of
Three differences between DNA and RNA 1) RNA is a single strand of nucleotides 2) RNA contains rybose rather than deoxyribose 3) RNA has uracil rather than thymine
Three forms of RNA Messenger, transfer, and ribosomal
Gene expression Processing the information from DNA into proteins
Gene expression stages Translation and transcription
Transcription First, the info in DNA is transferred to messenger RNA
Translation Second, info in messenger RNA is used to make a protein
RNA Polymerase Enzyme that binds to the beginning of a gene on a region of DNA called a promoter
Promoter Specific sequence of DNA that acts as a start signal for transcription
Terminator Sequence of bases that tells the RNA polymerase to stop adding nucleotides
Codons The instructions for building a protein are written As aeries of three-nucleotide sequences called codons
Genetic code The amino acids and stop signals that are coded for by each of the possible mRNA codons
Anticodon Three nucleotide sequence that is complementary to one of the 64 codons of the genetic code
A site Holds a tRNA molecule that is carrying a specific amino acid
P site Holds tRNA molecule that is carrying its specific amazing acid attached to the growing protein chain
Operon Cluster of genes that codes for proteins with related functions
Operator Able to control RNA polymerase's access to structural genes
Repressor Creates a barrier preventing RNA polymerase from transcribing
Inducer Transcription resumes
Chromosome puff Region of intense transcription that forms when DNA loops out from the chromosome
Metastasis Spread of malignant cells beyond original site
Oncogene Gene that, when mutated, can cause cancer
Created by: SarahPickel15
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