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Nur-425
Exam #4 - Genitourinary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Name four typical tests used to assess urinary function | Urinalysis, Urine culture, KUB, ultrasound |
| What is being looked for with a voiding cystourethrogram that involves the use of contrast medium injected into the bladder? | Masses |
| Described as an acute inflammatory disease caused by bacteria | Pyelonephritis |
| The signs/symptoms of this inflammatory disease include N/V, anorexia, high fever and malaise (body malaise) | Pyelonephritis |
| The treatment of pyelonephritis involves the administration of what type of medication? | Antibiotics |
| Described as bilateral inflammatory changes in glomeruli generally following a streptococcal infection | Acute glomerulonephritis |
| The signs/symptoms of this bilateral inflammatory disease include cola-colored urine, oliguria, edema of the face that can become more severe to cause weight gain, hypertension and headache | Acute glomerulonephritis |
| It is very important to monitor this vital sign when dealing with acute glomerulonephritis | Blood pressure |
| What is the drug of choice to treat the water retention issues associated with acute glomerulonephritis? | Furosemide (Lasix) |
| Name three antihypertensive medications that are used in the treatment of acute glomerulonephritis | ACEIs, beta-blockers, CCBs |
| What is the most helpful indicator of fluid balance in kids? | Daily weights |
| An important nursing consideration when dealing with acute glomerulonephritis is to monitor for altered LOC; what might an altered LOC indicate? | Increasing intracranial pressure |
| A clinical state characterized by increased permeability of the glomerular membrane to plasma proteins | Nephrotic syndrome |
| What age group is most often inflicted with nephrotic syndrome? | Preschooler age |
| Which is more serious: acute glomerulonephritis or nephrotic syndrome? | Nephrotic syndrome |
| What is the most common form of nephrotic syndrome? | Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (also known as primary nephrotic syndrome) |
| Described by the process of renal glomerural damage --> proteinuria --> hypoproteinemia --> decreased oncotic pressure --> edema and hypovolemia | Nephrotic syndrome |
| Described by the process of proliferation and infiltration of glomerulus by bacteria --> glomerular trapping of circulating bacteria --> thickening of glomerular filtration membrane --> scarring and loss of filtering surface --> renal failure | Pyelonephritis |
| Described by the process of proliferation and infiltration of glomerulus by leukocytes --> glomerular trapping of circulating immune complexes --> thickening of glomerular filtration membrane --> scarring and loss of filtering surface --> renal failure | Acute glomerulonephritis |
| What causes proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome? | Because of leakage of protein into the urine which leads to hypoproteinemia which leads to hypovolemia |
| What is usually the first symptoms of nephrotic syndrome? | Edema |
| Edema, proteinuria, straie of the skin, weight gain, vomiting and diarrhea are signs/symptoms of what kidney disease? | Nephrotic syndrome |
| One of the goals of treatment for nephrotic syndrome is to prevent infection. Why is infection a concern? | Low protein levels leave one at risk for infection |
| Name two types of medications that are used to treat nephrotic syndrome | Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents |
| What is the corticosteroid of choice used to treat nephrotic syndrome? | Prednisone |
| This medication used to treat nephrotic syndrome decreases inflammation in the structures and decreases the loss of protein | Prednisone |
| Name an immunosuppressive agent used to treat nephrotic syndrome | Cytoxan |
| This kidney disease requires frequent position changes due to the edema (to prevent skin breakdown) | Nephrotic syndrome |
| What is the preferred diet for a child suffering from nephrotic syndrome? | High calorie, high protein, low salt |
| Described as an obstructive disorder where urinary stasis can result and an infection can ensue | Hydronephrosis |
| Described by the process of interference with the flow of urine --> back up of urine into kidney pelvis, causes distention of renal pelvis --> urinary stasis --> destruction of glomeruli or infection --> decrease filtration --> renal failure | Hydronephrosis |
| Hematuria, polyuria, and pain are the signs/symptoms of this kidney disease | Hydronephrosis |
| Described as bacteruia with or without signs or symptoms of inflammation in the bladder or kidneys | Urinary tract infection |
| E. coli is a common causative agent for this kidney disease | Urinary tract infection |
| Obstruction, reflux, poor perineal hygiene and being female are contributory causes to development of this kidney disease | Urinary tract infection |
| Enuresis, fever, vomiting, urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, abdominal pain and fouls-smelling urine are signs/symptoms of this kidney disease | Urinary tract infection |
| Nonspecific GI symptoms, irritability, diarrhea and vomiting are signs/symptoms for a child under the age of 2 for this kidney disease | Urinary tract infection |
| Urine culture and sensitivity as well as antibiotic therapy are treatments for this kidney disease | Urinary tract infection |
| Voiding frequently, proper hygiene, no long tub baths or bubble baths, and drinking adequate amounts of fluid are preventative measures for development of this kidney disease | Urinary tract infection |
| Described by urethral opening below the glans penis or along the ventral surface | Hypospadias |
| This defect of the genitourinary tract is associated with a fibrous band of tissue called a chordee | Hypospadias |
| Described as failure of one/both testes to descend | Cryptorchidism |
| When is surgery typically performed for a child with cryptorchidism? | Between 1 and 2 years of age |
| How is a retractable testes distinguished from an undescended testes? | One that is able to be milked down is a retractable testes and one that needs to be surgically repaired is an undescended testes |
| This genioturinary defect puts the patient at greater risk for infertility and testicular cancer later in life | Cryptorchidism |
| Described as a loop of bowel herniates into the scrotum | Inguinal herinia |
| 80% of all hernias are of this type | Inguinal hernia |
| What is a reducible inguinal hernia? | One that can be pushed back in |
| Why does even a reducible hernia need to be surgically repaired? | The herniated loop of bowel can become obstructed and then it can rupture |
| Described as accumulation of fluid in inguinal canal or scrotum | Hydrocele |
| What is a noncommunicating hydrocele? | One where the fluid reabsorbs; treatment not needed |
| What is a communicating hydrocele? | One where the fluid keeps accumulating |
| What differentiates a hydrocele from an inguinal hernia? | A hydrocele is not reducible and an inguinal hernia is reducible |
| At what age is the communicating type of hydrocele repaired? | At 1 year of age |
| Described as malignant, undifferentiated cells arising in the kidney | Wilms tumor; nephroblastoma |
| What type of tumor is Wilms tumor? | An encapsulated tumor |
| In which kidney is Wilms tumor most commonly found? | The left kidney |
| Is Wilms tumor more common in males or females? | Males |
| At what age is Wilms tumor mostly diagnosed? | < 5 years of age |
| The tell-tale sign for this kidney tumor is abdominal swelling or mass | Wilms tumor |
| If the adrenal gland on the kidney is involved with Wilms tumor, then this clinical manifestation can result | Hypertension |
| Albeit it's rare, metastasis to this organ can occur with Wilms tumor | Lung |
| Surgical removal of the tumor, kidney and possibly the adrenal gland, as well as chemotherapy and radiation are the treatment modalities for this kidney defect | Wilms tumor |
| This preoperative nursing assessment is a BIG no-no in regards to Wilms tumor | Palpating the abdomen |
| Assessing the abdomen by listening for bowel sounds, and observing for abdominal distention, vomiting and pain are part of the postoperative nursing care for this kidney defect | Wilms tumor |
| Monitoring vital signs preoperatively for a Wilms tumor surgical procedure is especially important for children with this issue | Hypertension |
Created by:
ssbourbon
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