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Biology Chapter 8

DNA: the genetic material

TermDefinition
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Virulent Able to cause disease
Bacteriophage A virus that infects bacteria
Nucleotides Subunits of molecules
Deoxyribose 5 carbon sugar in nucleotide
Purines Large, double ringed molecules; adenine and guanine
Pyrimidines Single ringed molecules; thymine and cytosine
Adenine + Thymine
Guanine + Cytosine
Double helix Spiral staircase of two stands if nucleotides twisting around the center axis
Replication The process of synthesizing a new strand of DNA
Helicases Enzyme that opens up the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bins that link the complementary bases
Replication fork Point at which the double helix separates
DNA polymerase Enzymes that move down the DNA strands adding nucleotides to the exposed bases
Introns Noncoding sequences; intervening sequences
Exons Nucleotide segments that code for amino acids
Multigene families Clusters of almost identical sequences
Transposons Genes that have the ability to move from one chromosomal inaction to another
Griffith Transformation experiments; mice
Oswald Avery Announced genetic material was DNA
Hersey and chase Clear and indisputable evidence that genetically material was DNA
Chargaff Base-pairing rules
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin X-ray diffraction of the structure of DNA
Watson and crick First model of structure of DNA
Barbara McClintock Discovered transposons
p53 Protein 53; gene that suppresses tumors
Created by: SarahPickel15
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