Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
SLSBio12n.systemSJ
SLSBio12nervoussystemSJ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetycholine | a compound that occurs throughout the nervous system, in which it functions as a neurotransmitter |
| acetycholinesterase | an enzyme that causes rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine. Its action serves to stop excitation of a nerve after transmission of an impulse |
| action potential | the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell. |
| adrenal medulla | the medulla of the adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine |
| adrenalin | a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, esp. in conditions of stress, increasing rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism and preparing muscles for exertion. |
| "all-or-none" response | Phenomenom in which a muscle fiber contracts completely when exposed to a threshold stimulus, or not at all. |
| autonomic nervous system | the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes. |
| axomembrane | is responsible for maintaining the axon's membrane potential. contains many ion channels to depolarize/hyperpolarize the axon. |
| axon | the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells. |
| axoplasm | the cytoplasm of a nerve axon. |
| calcium ion | important mediators of a great variety of cellular activities, including the passing of information between neurons and down a neuron. |
| cell body | Used in reference to neurons, the main part of the cell around the nucleus excluding long processes such as axons and dendrites. |
| central nervous system | the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord. |
| cerebellum | the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity. |
| cerebrum | located in the front area of the skull has two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body. |
| contractile protein | proteins which participate in contractile processes. include muscle proteins as well as ones in other cells and tissues. these proteins participate in localised contractile events in the cytoplasm, in motile activity, and in cell aggregation phenomena. |
| corpus callosum | a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain. |
| dendrite | a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body. |
| depolarization | reversal of resting potential in excitable cell membranes when stimulated-tendency of cell membrane potential to become + with respect to potential outside the cell. A + shift in a cells resting potential that is normally - making less polarized |
| effector | an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus. |
| excitatory neurotransmitter | cause an opening of ligand-gated sodium ion channels. As a result, sodium ions flow in and the cell becomes less negative on the inside |
| hypothalmus | a region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity. |
| impulse | The movement of action potential along a nerve fiber in response to a stimulus |
| inhibitory neurotransmitter | causes additional potassium channels to open which may cause potassium ions to flow out of the cell and if additional positively charged potassium ions flow out of the cell, the inside of the cell will become more negative. |
| interneuron | a neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons, especially as part of a reflex arc. |
| medulla oblonganta | the continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, forming the lowest part of the brainstem and containing control centers for the heart and lungs. |
| meninges | the three membranes that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord. |
| motor neuron | a nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland. |
| myelin sheath | An insulating layer surrounding vertebrate peripheral neurons, that dramatically increases the speed of conduction. It is formed by specialised schwann cells, that can wrap around neurons |
| myelinated nerve fibres | A nerve cell in which the axon is surrounded by a layer of Schwann cell membranes of myelin sheath. |
| neuroendocrine control centre | of, relating to, or denoting the dual control of certain body functions by both nervous and hormonal stimulation |
| neuron | a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. |
| neurotransmitter | a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure. |
| node of ranvier | a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells. |
| norepinephrine | a hormone that is released by the adrenal medulla and by the sympathetic nerves and functions as a neurotransmitter. |
| parasympathetic divison | A division of the (vertebrate) autonomic nervous system whose physiological effects are mostly in opposition to those of the sympathetic nervous system; e.g. it is involved in the slowing of the heart beat and relaxing the muscles. |
| peripheral nervous system | the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord. |
| pituitary gland | the major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, it is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands. |
| polarity | properties at different points, esp magnetic poles or electric charge |
| postsynaptic membrane | That part of the plasma membrane of a neuron or muscle fibre with which an axon terminal forms a synaptic junction; a membrane found in the axon of a neurone capable of receiving nerve impulses. |
| potassium gate | a voltage-gated protein channel selective for the passage of potassium ions. |
| presynaptic membrane | The part of the cell membrane of an axon terminal that faces the cell membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synapse. |
| receptor | an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve. |
| reflex arc | the nerve pathway involved in a reflex action including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between. |
| refractory period | a period immediately following stimulation during which a nerve or muscle is unresponsive to further stimulation. |
| repolarization | the process by which the membrane potential of a neuron or muscle cell is restored to the cell's resting potential. |
| resting potential | the electrical potential of a neuron or other excitable cell relative to its surroundings when not stimulated or involved in passage of an impulse. |
| saltatory transmission | the passage of a potential from node to node of a nerve fiber, rather than along the membrane. |
| Schwann cell | any cell that covers the nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system and forms the myelin sheath |
| sensory neuron | a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or spinal cord |
| sodium gate | a voltage-gated protein channel selective for the passage of sodium ions. |
| somatic nervous system | This is the part of the nervous system than controls skeletal muscles |
| sympathetic division | One of the main branches of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for stimulating activities associated with the fight-or-flight response. |
| synapse | a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter. |
| synaptic cleft | The minute gap between presynaptic cell and postsynaptic cell in a chemical synapse, across which the neurotransmitters diffuse into. |
| synaptic ending | The somewhat enlarged, often club-shaped endings by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells or with effector cells (muscle or gland cells). Axon terminals contain neurotransmitters of various kinds, sometimes more than one. |
| synaptic vesicle | a small secretory vesicle that contains a neurotransmitter, is found inside an axon near the presynaptic membrane, and releases its contents into the synaptic cleft after fusing with the membrane |
| thalamus | either of two masses of gray matter lying between the cerebral hemispheres on either side of the third ventricle, relaying sensory information and acting as a center for pain perception. |
| threshold value | The point that must be exceeded to begin producing a given effect or result or to elicit a response |
Created by:
sjackson2
Popular Biology sets