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Geology (First Exam)
GEO 201 First Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Formed when melted rock cools | igneous rock |
| When rock changes from solid to liquid it... | crystallizes |
| Melted Rock is known... | magma |
| Underground rock features are known... | plutons |
| Rock appearance | texture |
| Rocks tend to be classified by... | texture and mineral content |
| Crystals large enough to see accounts for... | phaneritic rock |
| Lava cools quickly and creates an... | aphanitic rock |
| Slow cooling followed by a fast cooling accounts | porphyritic |
| Large crystals due water | pegmatite |
| Fast cooling from lava flow | glassy |
| Fragmented rocks | pyroclastic |
| Accumulated Rocks at the surface of the Earth: | Sedimentary Rocks |
| Major accumulated sediments are... | sand, dust, and mud |
| Major minerals grown on the pore spaces between cemented surfaces... | calcite and quartz |
| Water removal from sediments results in the... | compaction |
| Most of the metamorphic and igneous rocks passed through the.... | sedimentary phase. |
| Wearing away of the highlands is known as... | gradation |
| Large ash from explosive volcanoes... | vulcanism |
| Sediments from volcanic vents... | pyroclastic |
| Sediments transported and deposited in a complex manner are known as... | pyroclastic sediments |
| 20 percent of all sediments are... | pyroclastic rocks |
| World petroleum resources contain a large share of a world... | petroleum |
| Halite... | sodium chlorite |
| Silica | silicon dioxide |
| Lake water precipitate yields different precipitates... | trona, borax, and silicates |
| Magma moves from magma chamber up the surface through the... | pipe |
| Magma exists through the... | vent |
| Large crater on top of volcanic mountain... | caldera |
| Mountain like structure created over thousand of years as the volcanic lava, gas, ash, pyroclastic... | cone |
| Form from basalt lava... | shield volcano |
| Flank eruptions... | fissure |
| Iron Rich Minerals are... | mafic, felsic, intermediate, and ultramafic |
| Light rocks dominated by quartz, potassium feldspar, and sodium plagioclase feldspar mineral... | felsic |
| Dark/light minerals hybrid such as amphibole, and pyroclastic feldspar 55-65 % of silica | intermediate |
| Low amounts of silica (<45 %) mixed with magnesium, iron, aluminum, and calcium | ultramafic |
| Minerals bond together via... | fractional crystallization |
| changes of a magma that produces different igneous rocks is called... | magmatic differentiation |
| Erupted magma becomes... | lava |
| Resistance of flow... | viscocity |
| Ash is known as... | tephra |
| Rock particles are known as... | pyroclastic |
| Small volcanic features.. | cinder |
| Hardness 1 | Talc |
| Hardness 2 | Gypsum |
| Hardness 3 | Calcite |
| Hardness 4 | Fluorite |
| Hardness 5 | Apatite |
| Hardness 6 | Feldspar |
| Hardness 7 | Quartz |
| Hardness 8 | Topaz |
| Hardness 9 | Corundum |
| Hardness 10 | Diamond |
| Bonded atoms.... | crystal lettice |
| 5 MINERAL REQUIREMENTS | solid, inorganic, orderly structure, naturally occurring, and specific chemical composition. |
| Not a mineral is has an.... | amorphous structure |
| Mineral surface interaction... | luster |
| Mineral absorption and reflection... | color |
| Mineral transmission of light... | transparency |
| Mineral appearance... | streak |
| Mineral with no passed light.. | opaque |
| Mineral not clear enough... | translucent |
| Small amount of other elements in minerals... | impurity |
| Shiny minerals... | adamantine |
| Two types of mineral lusters... | metal an non metal |
| Dolomite Chemical Formula | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Calcite Chemical Formula | CaCO3 |
| Gypsum | CaSO4 + 2 H2O |
| Galena | PbS |
| Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Cinnabar | HgS |
| Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Corundum | Al2O3 |
| Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| Rutile | TiO2 |
| Uranite | UO2 |
| Evaporate elements... | halite and sylvite |
| Change the shape and size of rocks... | mechanical weathering or physical weathering |
| Exchange of a hydrogen of hydroxide... | hydrolysis |
| oxygen bonded with elements is known as | oxidation |
| Sediments turn to rocks via... | lithification |
| Cementing agents are... | calcite, silica, and iron oxide |
| Twwo types of sedimentary rocks | detrital and chemical |
| Clay particles account for... | shale |
| Silt particles account for.. | silstone |
| sand accounts for.... | sandstone |
| recrystallization is known as... | metamorphism |
| slow reformation of minerals... | weathering |
| Silimanite chemical formula... | AlSiO5 |
| 3 important polymorphs... | sillimanite, andalusite, and kyanite |
| Minerals that survive outside of their stability are known as... | metastable |
| Most common sandstone are... | quartz |
| The feldspar sandstones... | arkose |
| Volcanic rock sandstones are... | greywacke |
| Biogenic limestone... | coquina |
| Crystallization of silica accounts for the formation of... | biogenic and inorganic chert |
| Dead vegetation forms... | peat |
| Soft coal... | lignite |
| Hard coal... | bituminous coal |
| Inorganic limestone... | travertine |
| Mineral calcite (calcium carbonate) | dolomite |
| Mineral assemblages... | pre metamorphic rock formations |
| Mineral assemblages alkaline metals.. | calcium and sodium |
| Mineral assemblage highest percentage... | silica, or silicate |
| layering in sedimentary rocks... | beds or layers |
| Larger crystals result in... | higher temperature and pressure |
| high pressure metamorphism... | regional metamorphism |
| limestone undergoes metamorphic changes and forms... | marble |
| Sandstone undergoes metamorphic changes and forms... | quartszite |
| Surface fractures at the water surfaces... | mud cracks |
| Ocean wave or lake shore geologic formations through metamorphic processes... | oscilation ripples |
| Low Grade Shale Temperature... | 200 Degrees Celsius |
| High Grade Shale Temperature | 800 - 1000 Degrees Celcius |
| Intermediate Grade Shale Temperature | 400-600 Degrees Celcius |
| Mineral Elongation... | foliation |
| Slate and phyllite rock parent material... | shale |
| Schist rock material | basalt, limestone, phyllite, and sandstone |
| Marble parent material... | limestone and dolostone |
| light sedimentary rocks tend to be... | felsic |
| dark sedimentary rocks tend to be.. | mafic |
| separated dark and light metamorphic minerals... | metamorphic differentiation |
| gree metamorphic rock under a low pressure | greenschist |
| Contact metamorphism forms... | hornfells |
Created by:
VsevolodFreedom
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