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Evolution
Notes and Vocabs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | A gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form. |
| Species | organisms belonging to a group of organisms that having common characteristics and are capable of mating with each other |
| Genes | A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. |
| Survival of the fittest | The act of trying to stay alive |
| How can evolution refine existing adaptations? | Organisms have specific part to do different task |
| How was chitin modified to serve an additional function? | Used to help organisms to adapt to certain places |
| How were flippers of penguins modified for a new function? | To help them to swim and walk on snow |
| Embryology | A person in charge of formation of a specific animal |
| Fossil | A remains of an animal that life long ago |
| What is the fossil record? | Looking at different layers of rock to determine what happen thousands of years ago |
| Brontosaurus fossils suggest that... | This fossil tells us it came from a whale over 40 millions of years ago |
| Geographic distribution? | The different and similarity of two organisms |
| Homologous structures? | The similarity between two organisms limbs |
| Vestigial structures? | What parts of the body are most important |
| Similarities in development (Embryology Evidence)? | The idea that organisms share some what of the same function |
| DNA sequence and molecular evidence? | There is a little percent that makes a monkey a monkey and a human a human |
| How do fossils form? | form from the remains of organisms buried by sediments, dust, or volcanic ash. |
| Geological time scale | Earth's history organized into four eras: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic |
| relative dating of fossils | reflect the order in which groups of species existed compared to one another |
| radiometric dating of fossils | determination of absolute ages of rocks and fossils through calculations based on a radioactive isotope's fixed rate of decay |
| continental drift | motion of continents about Earth's surface on plates of crust floating on the hot mantle |
| Georges Buffon Ideas | fossils suggested that the earth might be over 1,000 years old |
| Adaption | inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
| Jean Baptiste Lamarck ideas | He recognized that species are not permanent. Lamarck explained evolution as a process of adaptation. |
| Darwin's Observations aboard the HMS Beagie | Darwin noticed that the plants and animals throughout the continent all had a definite South American character |
| Charles Lyell ideas | proposed that gradual and observable geologic processes such as erosion could explain the physical features of today's Earth |
| Thomas Malthus ideas | human suffering, such as disease, famine, and homelessness, was due to the human population's potential to grow. That is, populations can grow much faster than the rate at which supplies of food and other resources can be produced |
| Descent with modification | process by which descendants of ancestral organisms spread into various habitats and accumulate adaptations to diverse ways of life |
| Natural Selection | process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals |
| Population | group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area at the same time |
| Artificial Selection | selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with desired genetic traits |
| How do pesticides show natural selection? | A relatively small amount of poison dusted onto a crop may kill 99 percent of the insects. But later spraying are less and less effective. Because the organism you are trying to kill adapts to it. |
| how natural selection causes the sickle cell allele to persist in some gene pools? | Because it's recessive, and the hetero zygote is unaffected; there is no selective pressure against the hetero zygote. |
| how does antibiotic resistance evolved in bacteria? | Antibiotic Resistance evolves naturally because of natural selection through a random mutation. |
| Gene Pool | all of the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population |
| Microevolution | evolution on the smallest scale—a generation-to-generation change in the frequencies of alleles within a population |
| Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium | condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over time |
| Genetic Drift | change in the gene pool of a population due to chance |
| Gene Flow | exchange of genes between populations |
| mutation | the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations |
| how does natural selection lead to fitness? | Fitness," in an evolutionary sense, refers to the ability to produce offspring. |
Created by:
nikdot1
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