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Ch. 31 Comm/Eco

Ch. 31 Communities and Ecosystems Review

QuestionAnswer
A listing of the various species found in a community... Species richness
Changes in one organism spur changes in another, because of the natural interactions they have with one another (ex: pollinators)... Coevolution
A(n) ___ depicts the amount of organisms/energy in various trophic levels... Ecological pyramid
As diversity increases, species richness ___ and the distribution of species ___ Increases/evens
___ contains decomposing material and the bacteria and fungi feeding on it. Detritus
Quick to mature, small size, high reproductive output... Opportunistic pioneer specis
Evolves in response to competition among species for a single niche... Character displacement
Starts where the soil has not yet formed following an environmental disruption... Primary succession
The abundance of both species is expected to increase as a result of this type of interaction... Mutualism
In a grazing food web, carnivores that eat herbivores are called ... Secondary consumers
The ___ is a sedimentary biogeochemical cycle because most of this is found in rock formations and released via erosion... Phosphorous cycle
No two species can occupy the same niche at the same time... Competitive exclusion principle
Elements that are necessary for all living things... Essential elements
The first trophic level of a food web is occupied by the... Producers
Assemblage of populations of multiple species, interacting with one another within a single environment... Community
Nutrients ___ and energy ___ through both the environment and it's organisms. Cycle, flow
Flowers pollinated by hummingbirds are most often ___, because that is the color these birds perceive the best. Red
Consists of the communities of species interacting with each other and the physical environment... Ecosystem
Take into account both species richness and distribution... Species diversity
Succession that takes place following an environmental incident that has left very little other than the soil... Secondary succession
Species that appear at the end of ecological succession when the environment is stable and supportive... Equilibrium species
Species interactions, especially ___ fashion a community into a dynamic system of inter-species relationships... Competition
A species which stabilizes the community and helps to maintain its characteristics, essentially holding together the web of interactions... Keystone species
Colonize an area without intentional or accidental human assistance... Native species
Evidence that competition and resource partitioning have taken place... Character displacement
Occurs between two species for a limited resource... Competition
Often introduced into a community by accident and greatly disrupt normal interactions... Exotic species
One of the best examples of mutualism with humans... E. Coli
One organism eats another... Predation
On organism feeds on another but usually does not cause the death of that organism... Parasitism
Area of the community a species lives... Habitat
Relationship in which both species benefit from one another... Mutualism
Relationship in which only one species benefits but the other is unharmed... Commensalism
Decreased competition between two species, leading to increased niche specialization... Resource partitioning
Role a species plays in the community... Niche
E. coli help to produce ___ in the human body... Vitamin K
The ocean is a marine ecosystem and covers about ___ of the earth's surface... 70%
The ___ is the most species rich terrestrial biome... Tropical rain forest
Diagrams that show a single path of energy flow in an ecosystem... Food chain
Diagram that shows all possible means of energy transfer within an ecosystem... Food web
Organisms which have the ability to make their own nutrients... Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own nutrients using solar energy... Photoautotrophs
Organisms that make their own nutrients using inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide... Chemoautotrophs
Organisms that cannot make their own nutrients and must take in things from their environment for sustenance... Heterotrophs
Organisms that eat primarily meat... Carnivores
Organisms that eat primarily vegetation... Herbivores
Organisms that eat a fairly balanced mix of meat and vegetation... Omnivores
A specific assemblage of bacterial, fungal, plant and animals species that always results in a specific climate after an environmental disturbance... Climax community
Created by: SavannahElkins
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