Question 1

Geograpahical timescale

Accepted Answer

fossils give us insight. how life is split. reflects fossil record. evolution operated at a similar pace all over the world.

Question 2

fossils
no oxygen

Accepted Answer

recognized remains of past life. sedimetery rocks when organisms are buried. bone is replaced by minerals, leaving an impression. principle of superposition: older rock&fossils are found at deeper strata in the rock bed. die in sedimentary place(ie mud)

Question 3

radioisotope dating

Accepted Answer

fossils can be dated using elemental isotopes in accompanying tock. contains unstable elements that break down overtime.

Question 4

biasis in fossil record

Accepted Answer

1. anatomy: typically only on hard shelled animals. 2.size: most noticiable. 3.nummer:most common. 4.environment: need soft sediments.5.geology:chemistry of fossilization plays a role. 6. time:more recent, more likely. 7.Palentology-scientific bias

Question 5

changes in living organisms

Accepted Answer

due to genetic changes. also environmental changes: can callow for new types of organisms, responsible for many extinctions

Question 6

plate techtonics

Accepted Answer

the theory that the earth is covered by a relatively thin rigid shell, called the lithosphere, which is broken into plates that move relative to each other

Question 7

continental drift: mass extinctions

Accepted Answer

alfred wegener 1920. mass extinctions; 5 large mass extinctions at or near end of orovician,devonian, permian, triassic, &  cretaceous periods. geologic time periods are often based on these events. replace old with new explosion or new life forms

Question 8

continental drift: life development

Accepted Answer

comes in a series of steps: first prokaryotic cell, first autotrophic cell, first eukaryotic cell, multicellularity, bilateral symmertry, the rest of evolution

Question 9

first prokarytoic cell (bacteria or archae)

Accepted Answer

prokaryotic cells arose during archaeon eon. archaeon eon when diverse microbial life flourished in primordial oceans. first known fossils, 3.5 bya. hardly any free oxygen, so organisms were anaerobic reducing atmosphere.

Question 10

stromatolies

Accepted Answer

autotrophic cyanobacteria formed stromatolities- layered structure of calcium carbonate. evolved second light system for photosynthesis 1st primitve makes atp, 2nd makes NADH, ATP. changed atmosphere to allow for evol. aerobic species

Question 11

oxygen holocaust

Accepted Answer

oxygen contributing factor to eukaryotic devel. wiped out many different life forms, also contributed to the sudden development of the first eukaryotic cell. surviving organisms were microbes that developed intracellular devices to deal with oxygen.

Question 12

eukaryotic cells

Accepted Answer

first eukaryotes appeared as a bacterial confederacy of plastid like prokayotes, mitochondrion like prokaryotes, bacterial cells and archae.

Question 13

symbiosis vs endosymbiosis

Accepted Answer

s: idea that two cells come together, merge to form one cell. each has properties to survive together but cannot survive alone. joined together.
e: one organism consumes another&incorporates it that way. one swallows the other

Question 14

proterozoic eon
m.c-multicellular

Accepted Answer

m.c eukaryotes arise 1.5 bya 2 poss origins: individuals form a colony, single cell divides and stays stuck together. volvocine green algae display variations in degree of mc. mc animals emerge toward end of eon. first animals invert. bilateral symm ->loc

Question 15

phanerozoic eon

Accepted Answer

proliferation of multicellular eukaryotic life extensive during phanerzoic eon (543 mya to today)paleozoic era-543, 248;mespzpoc-248,65;cenozoic era-65-present

Question 16

phanerzoic eon, paleozoic era.

Accepted Answer

542-248 mya, 6 periods. cambrian, ordovician, silurian, devonian, carboniferous, permian

Question 17

cambrian period

Accepted Answer

543-490 mya. warm&wet with no ice at poles. explosion-abrupt increase in div of animal species cause unknown. all existing major types of marine invert. major reorganizations of body plans. first vert 520 mya

Question 18

ordovician period

Accepted Answer

490-443. living in the ocean, warm mosit climate diverse group of marine invert including trilobiles&brachiopods. primitive land plants &arthropods first invade land. toward end, abrupt climate change/large glaciers=mass extinct 60% invert became instint

Question 19

silurian period

Accepted Answer

443-417. stable climate glaciers melted. significant new vertebrates & plants many new fish. coral reefs appeared. large colonization by terrestrial plants &animals. earliest vascular plants

Question 20

devonian period
lost 80-85% species

Accepted Answer

417-354. generally dry across north. major increase in # terrestrial plants (gymnosperms) emerge. insects emerge. tetrapods-amphibians emerge. invert flourish in oceans. age of fishes. near end, prolonged series of extinctions eliminate many marine specie

Question 21

carboniferous period

Accepted Answer

354-290. cooler, land covered by forested swamps. rich coal deposits formed. plants&animals further diversified. very large plants&trees prevalent. first flying insects, amphibians prevalent, amniotic cell emerges-reptiles.

Question 22

permian period
glaciations of volcanic eruptions blamed

Accepted Answer

290-248. continental drift formed pangaea. dry climate forest shift to gymnosperms. amphibians prevalent but reptiles appeared. at the end, largest known mass extinction event. 90-95% of all marine species&large proportion of terrestrial species elminiate

Question 23

mesozoic era

Accepted Answer

permian extinction marks boundray between paleozoic & mesozoic eras. age of dinosaurs. consistently hot climate, dry terrestrial environments, little if any ice at poles. triassic period, jurassic period, cretaceous period.

Question 24

Triassic period

Accepted Answer

248-206. reptiles plentiful. first dinosaurs. first "true" mammals. gymnosperms dominant land plants. volcanic eruptions led to global warming&mass extinctions near the end

Question 25

jurassic period

Accepted Answer

206-144. gymnosperms still dominant. dinosaurs dominant land animal. first known bird. mammals present but not prevalent

Question 26

cretaceous period

Accepted Answer

144-65. dinosaurs still dominant on land, earliest flowering plants (angiosperms) mass extinction at the end of the period. dinosaurs &many other species died out. large meteorites asteroid or volcanic eruptions blamed

Question 27

Cenozoic era

Accepted Answer

spans most recent 65 my. tropical conditions replaced by a colder, drier climate. amazing diversification of mammals, birds, fish, insect,& flowering plants. tertiary period& quaternary period

Question 28

tertiary period

Accepted Answer

65-1.8 mya. mammals that survived expanded rapidly. birds&terrestrial insects diversified. angiosperms became dominant land plant. fish diversified. sharks became abundant. whales appeared. hominids appeared about 7 mya (modern humans, chimps,gorilas,

Question 29

quaternary period

Accepted Answer

1.8 mya-present. periodic ice ages cover much of europe and north america. widespread extinction of many species. certain hominids become more human like . homo sapiens appears 130,000 years ago.

Biology Unit 5

History of Life

Question	Answer
Geograpahical timescale	fossils give us insight. how life is split. reflects fossil record. evolution operated at a similar pace all over the world.
fossils no oxygen	recognized remains of past life. sedimetery rocks when organisms are buried. bone is replaced by minerals, leaving an impression. principle of superposition: older rock&fossils are found at deeper strata in the rock bed. die in sedimentary place(ie mud)
radioisotope dating	fossils can be dated using elemental isotopes in accompanying tock. contains unstable elements that break down overtime.
biasis in fossil record	1. anatomy: typically only on hard shelled animals. 2.size: most noticiable. 3.nummer:most common. 4.environment: need soft sediments.5.geology:chemistry of fossilization plays a role. 6. time:more recent, more likely. 7.Palentology-scientific bias
changes in living organisms	due to genetic changes. also environmental changes: can callow for new types of organisms, responsible for many extinctions
plate techtonics	the theory that the earth is covered by a relatively thin rigid shell, called the lithosphere, which is broken into plates that move relative to each other
continental drift: mass extinctions	alfred wegener 1920. mass extinctions; 5 large mass extinctions at or near end of orovician,devonian, permian, triassic, & cretaceous periods. geologic time periods are often based on these events. replace old with new explosion or new life forms
continental drift: life development	comes in a series of steps: first prokaryotic cell, first autotrophic cell, first eukaryotic cell, multicellularity, bilateral symmertry, the rest of evolution
first prokarytoic cell (bacteria or archae)	prokaryotic cells arose during archaeon eon. archaeon eon when diverse microbial life flourished in primordial oceans. first known fossils, 3.5 bya. hardly any free oxygen, so organisms were anaerobic reducing atmosphere.
stromatolies	autotrophic cyanobacteria formed stromatolities- layered structure of calcium carbonate. evolved second light system for photosynthesis 1st primitve makes atp, 2nd makes NADH, ATP. changed atmosphere to allow for evol. aerobic species
oxygen holocaust	oxygen contributing factor to eukaryotic devel. wiped out many different life forms, also contributed to the sudden development of the first eukaryotic cell. surviving organisms were microbes that developed intracellular devices to deal with oxygen.
eukaryotic cells	first eukaryotes appeared as a bacterial confederacy of plastid like prokayotes, mitochondrion like prokaryotes, bacterial cells and archae.
symbiosis vs endosymbiosis	s: idea that two cells come together, merge to form one cell. each has properties to survive together but cannot survive alone. joined together. e: one organism consumes another&incorporates it that way. one swallows the other
proterozoic eon m.c-multicellular	m.c eukaryotes arise 1.5 bya 2 poss origins: individuals form a colony, single cell divides and stays stuck together. volvocine green algae display variations in degree of mc. mc animals emerge toward end of eon. first animals invert. bilateral symm ->loc
phanerozoic eon	proliferation of multicellular eukaryotic life extensive during phanerzoic eon (543 mya to today)paleozoic era-543, 248;mespzpoc-248,65;cenozoic era-65-present
phanerzoic eon, paleozoic era.	542-248 mya, 6 periods. cambrian, ordovician, silurian, devonian, carboniferous, permian
cambrian period	543-490 mya. warm&wet with no ice at poles. explosion-abrupt increase in div of animal species cause unknown. all existing major types of marine invert. major reorganizations of body plans. first vert 520 mya
ordovician period	490-443. living in the ocean, warm mosit climate diverse group of marine invert including trilobiles&brachiopods. primitive land plants &arthropods first invade land. toward end, abrupt climate change/large glaciers=mass extinct 60% invert became instint
silurian period	443-417. stable climate glaciers melted. significant new vertebrates & plants many new fish. coral reefs appeared. large colonization by terrestrial plants &animals. earliest vascular plants
devonian period lost 80-85% species	417-354. generally dry across north. major increase in # terrestrial plants (gymnosperms) emerge. insects emerge. tetrapods-amphibians emerge. invert flourish in oceans. age of fishes. near end, prolonged series of extinctions eliminate many marine specie
carboniferous period	354-290. cooler, land covered by forested swamps. rich coal deposits formed. plants&animals further diversified. very large plants&trees prevalent. first flying insects, amphibians prevalent, amniotic cell emerges-reptiles.
permian period glaciations of volcanic eruptions blamed	290-248. continental drift formed pangaea. dry climate forest shift to gymnosperms. amphibians prevalent but reptiles appeared. at the end, largest known mass extinction event. 90-95% of all marine species&large proportion of terrestrial species elminiate
mesozoic era	permian extinction marks boundray between paleozoic & mesozoic eras. age of dinosaurs. consistently hot climate, dry terrestrial environments, little if any ice at poles. triassic period, jurassic period, cretaceous period.
Triassic period	248-206. reptiles plentiful. first dinosaurs. first "true" mammals. gymnosperms dominant land plants. volcanic eruptions led to global warming&mass extinctions near the end
jurassic period	206-144. gymnosperms still dominant. dinosaurs dominant land animal. first known bird. mammals present but not prevalent
cretaceous period	144-65. dinosaurs still dominant on land, earliest flowering plants (angiosperms) mass extinction at the end of the period. dinosaurs &many other species died out. large meteorites asteroid or volcanic eruptions blamed
Cenozoic era	spans most recent 65 my. tropical conditions replaced by a colder, drier climate. amazing diversification of mammals, birds, fish, insect,& flowering plants. tertiary period& quaternary period
tertiary period	65-1.8 mya. mammals that survived expanded rapidly. birds&terrestrial insects diversified. angiosperms became dominant land plant. fish diversified. sharks became abundant. whales appeared. hominids appeared about 7 mya (modern humans, chimps,gorilas,
quaternary period	1.8 mya-present. periodic ice ages cover much of europe and north america. widespread extinction of many species. certain hominids become more human like . homo sapiens appears 130,000 years ago.

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