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Shark Dissection
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Rostrum | the pointed snout at the anterior end of the shark; the tapered tip helps overcome resistance in swimming |
| Nares | the opening for the external nostrils |
| Conjunctiva | membrane inside the lower eyelid that extends over the surface of the eye to cover the cornea |
| Cornea | covers and protects the eye |
| Spiracles | found as large openings located dorsal and posterior to the eyes; modified gill slits that serve as incurrent passageways to the mouth, allowing the shark to to respire while it is eating |
| Caudal Fin | tail fin; provides forward movement while swimming |
| Pectoral Fins | found behind the gill slits; serve to deflect downward and provide lift in the water |
| Claspers | long, grooved, and pointed copulatory organs found in males |
| Coelom | body cavity; divided into the pleuroperitoneal cavity and the anterior pericardial cavity |
| Transverse Septum | separates the two body cavities |
| Parietal Peritoneum | smooth, shiny membrane that lines the inside of the body wall |
| Visceral Peritoneum | membrane that covers the organs |
| Mesentary | double membrane that suspends internal organs |
| Bucal Cavity | mouth cavity |
| Pharyngeal Cavity | pharynx cavity that narrows posteriorly to form the esophogus |
| Gills | respiratory organs of the shark |
| Gill Lamellae | highly vascularized, pink gill filaments that exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen |
| Gill Arches | cartilaginous structures that support the gills |
| Liver | three-lobed organ that detoxifies blood |
| Gall Bladder | stores bile |
| Papillae | fingerlike projections within the esophagus that serve to increase surface area for absorption |
| Rugae | longitudinal folds within the stomach that aid in the churning and mixing of food with digestive enzymes |
| Pyloric Sphincter | muscular valve that regulates the passage of food from the stomach to the intestines |
| Spiral Valve | adds surface area to the intestine to aid in digestion and absorption |
| Colon | extension of the intestines that leads to the cloacal opening |
| Spleen | serves to digest old red blood cells |
| Pancreatic Duct | transports secretions from the pancreas to the duodenum |
| Rectal Gland | regulates the salt content within the shark's body |
| Pectoral Girdle | rib-like structure |
| Visceral Pericardium | this tissue that covers the heart |
| Parietal Pericardium | lines the inside of the pericardial cavity |
| Coronary Arteries | take blood to the heart |
| Sinus Venosus | collects blood coming to the heart |
| Urinary System | removes nitrogenous wastes from the body and maintains the water balance |
| Genital System | involved in the reproduction of the species |
| Kidneys | where the formation of urine and the removal of wastes occur |
| Cloaca | where urinary and fecal wastes exit the body; in females, where young shark pups are born; in males, where seminal fluid is excreted |
| Ovoviviparous Reproduction | fertilization occurs internally, and most pups hatch internally before being born alive up to two years later |
Created by:
katherinekel2013
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