Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
SLS Bio 12 Nervous
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acetylcholine | a compound that occurs throughout the nervous system, in which it functions as a neurotransmitter. |
| Acetylcholinesterase | an enzyme that causes rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine. Its action serves to stop excitation of a nerve after transmission of an impulse. |
| Action Potential | the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell. |
| Adrenal Medulla | the medulla of the adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine |
| Adrenaline | a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, esp. in conditions of stress, increasing rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism and preparing muscles for exertion. |
| "All-or-none" response | Phenomenom in which a muscle fiber contracts completely when exposed to a threshold stimulus, or not at all. |
| Autonomic Nervous System | the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes. |
| Axomemebrane | collection of dendrites and axons. |
| Axon | the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells. |
| Axoplasm | the cytoplasm of a nerve axon. |
| Cell Body | the main part of the cell around the nucleus excluding long processes such as axons and dendrites. |
| Central Nervous System | the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord. |
| Cerebellum | the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity. |
| Cerebrum | The portion of the brain (frontal lobes) where thought and higher function reside. |
| Corpus Callosum | a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain. |
| Dendrite | a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body. |
| Depolarisation | The reversal of the resting potential in excitable cell membranes when stimulated i.e., the tendency of the cell membrane potential to become positive with respect to the potential outside the cell. |
| Effector | an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus. |
| Excitatory Neurotransmitter | . A neurotransmitter is called excitatory if activation of the receptor causes depolarization of the membrane and promotes action potential generation. |
| Hypothalamus | a region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity. |
| Impulse | sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act. |
| Inhibitory Neurotransmitter | A neurotransmitter is called inhibitory if the activation of the receptor causes hyperpolarization and depresses action potential generation. |
| Interneuron | a neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons, esp. as part of a reflex arc. |
| Meninges | the three membranes (the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater) that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord |
| Motor Neuron | a nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland. |
| Myelin Sheath | layer of myelin encasing (and insulating) the axons of medullated nerve fibers |
| Neuron | a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. |
| Neurotransmitters | a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure. |
| Node Of Ranvier | a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells. |
| Norepinephrine | a hormone that is released by the adrenal medulla and by the sympathetic nerves and functions as a neurotransmitter. It is also used as a drug to raise blood pressure. |
| Parasympathetic Division | The parasympathetic nervous system is one of three main divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the other two being the sympathetic and enteric systems. The ANS is responsible for regulation of internal organs and glands, which occurs unconsciously. |
| Peripheral Nervous System | the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord. |
| Pituitary Gland | the major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands. |
| Postsynaptic Membrane | That part of the plasma membrane of a neuron or muscle fibre with which an axon terminal forms a synaptic junction; A membrane found in the axon of a neurone capable of receiving nerve impulses. |
| Potassium Gate | ion channel selective for potassium ions. |
| Presynaptic Membrane | is a special membrane of the axon terminal, in the central nervous system, that faces the plasma membrane of the muscle fibre whereby a synaptic junction is established. |
| Receptor | an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve. |
| Reflex Arc | the nerve pathway involved in a reflex action including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between. |
| Refractory Period | a period immediately following stimulation during which a nerve or muscle is unresponsive to further stimulation. |
| Repolarization | As the impulse passes, the Potassium Gates OPEN, allowing positively charged K+ ions to FLOW OUT. REPOLARIZED: the inside of the axon resumes a negative charge. |
| Resting Potential | the electrical potential of a neuron or other excitable cell relative to its surroundings when not stimulated or involved in passage of an impulse. |
| Saltatory Transmission | A method of neuronal transmission in vertebrate nerves, where only specialised nodes of Ranvier participate in excitation. This reduces the capacitance of the neuron, allowing much faster transmission. |
| Schwann Cell | any cell that covers the nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system and forms the myelin sheath |
| Sensory Neuron | a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or spinal cord |
| Sodium Gate | |
| Sodium- Potassium Pump | Na+ /K+ -ATPase is an antiporter enzyme located in the plasma membrane of all animal cells. The Na+ /K+ -ATPase enzyme pumps sodium out of cells, while pumping potassium into cells. |
| Somatic Nervous System | The somatic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. ... |
| Sympathetic Division | The sympathetic nervous system is one of three major parts of the autonomic nervous system: the others being the enteric and parasympathetic systems. Its general action is to mobilize the body's nervous system fight-or-flight response. ... |
| Synapse | a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter. |
| Synaptic Cleft | Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. ... |
| Synaptic Ending | Synonym for axon terminals ... The somewhat enlarged, often club-shaped endings by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells or with effector cells (muscle or gland cells). |
| Synaptic Vesicle | In a neuron, synaptic vesicles store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse. The release is regulated by a voltage-dependent calcium channel. |
| Thalamus | either of two masses of gray matter lying between the cerebral hemispheres on either side of the third ventricle, relaying sensory information and acting as a center for pain perception. |
| Threshold Value |
Created by:
Ama B
Popular Biology sets