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AH- CH 46
Adult Health I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| suppresses peristalsis and decreases gastric emptying | dicyclomine HCL (Bentyl) |
| slow peristalsis and segmental contractions, often resulting in constipation | opioid analgesics |
| inhibit gastric acid secretion and depress GI motility. although useful in treating hyperactive bowel disorders,causes constipation | anticholinergic drugs such atropine or glycopyrrolate (Robinul) |
| produce diarrhea by disrupting the normal flora in the GI tract. an increase in the use of fluoroquinolones in recent years has provided a selective advantage for the epidemic of c. diff | antibiotics |
| causes gastrointestincal irritation that > the incidence of bleeding with serious consequneces to older adults | nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs |
| a prostaglandin inhibitor, it interfers with the formation and production of protective mucus and causes GI bleeding | aspirin |
| suppress the secretion of hydrochloric acid and interfers with the digestion of some foods | histamine2 (h2) antagonists |
| causes discoloration of the stool (black), nausea, vomiting, constipation, and abd cramps | iron |
| normal total bilirubin found in feces | 0.1-1.0 mg/dL |
| normal alkaline phosphatase in feces | 30-85 iMU/mL |
| normal amylase in feces | 56-190 internation units/L |
| normal carcinoembryonic antigen in feces | <5 ng/mL |
| normal color of feces | infant= yellow...adult=brown |
| if feces is white or clay ____ | absence of bile |
| if feces is black or tarry ___ | iron ingestion or upper GI bleeding |
| if feces is red ___ | lower GI bleeding, hemorroids |
| if feces is pale with fat ___ | malabsorption of fat |
| if feces is translucent musus ___ | spastic constipation, colitis, excessive straining |
| is feces has bloody mucus ____ | blood in feces, inflammation, infection |
| normal odor for feces | pungent---food type |
| normal consistancy of feces | soft and formed |
| normal frequency of feces passing | varies...infant=4-6 times/day breast fed and 1-3 times/day bottle fed...adult 2-3 times a week |
| normal amount of feces | 150g/day for an adult |
| normal shape of feces | resembles diameter of rectum |
| if feces is shaped like a pencil ___ | obstruction, rapid peristalsis |
| insert enema ____ for adult | 3-4 inches....7.5-10 cm |
| removal of secretions and gaseous substances from GI tract; prevention or relief of abd distention | decompression (salem sump, levin, miller-abbott |
| instillation of liquid nutritional supplements or feeding into the stomach for clients unable to swallow fluid | enternal feeding (duo, dobhoff, levin) |
| internal application of pressure by means of inflated balloon to prevent internal esophageal or gastrointestinal hemorrhage | compression (segstaken-blakemore) |
| irrigation of stomach in cases of active bleeding, poisoning, or gastric dilation | lavage (levin, ewald, salem sump) |
| what kind of pump for stomach decompression? | salem sump |
| ____ should never be used to irrigate a colostomy | enema |
| absorb most nutrients and electrolytes? | small intestine |
| absorbs most iron, vitamins, and bile salts? | ileum |
| absorbs most of the water, Na, chloride from digested food | colon |
| ___ and ____ may cause GI bleeding | asprin and NSAIDS |
| cleansing enemas max amount of fluid used is ___ | 750-1000mL |
| with impaction pt will have ___ bowel sounds | continous |
| opoids may cause ___ | constipation |
| when irrigating a colostomy the nurse uses __ | a cone-tipped irrigator |
| an obstruction high in the small intestine causes a loss of gastric hydrochloride | metabolic alkalosis |
| an obstruction at the end of the small intestine and lower in the intestinal tract causes loss of alkaline fluids | metabolic acidosis |
| obstruction below the duodenum but above the large bowel results ____ | loss of both acids and bases so there is typically no imbalance |
| intestinal blockage in 2 different areas | closed-loop obstruction |
| obstruction with compromised blood flow | strangulated obstruction |
| major risk factor with a stangulated obstruction is ___ | peritonitis and septic shock from endotoxin from bacteria in blood supply |
| telescoping of bowel | intussusception |
| 180 degree twisting of the bowel | volvulus |
| #1 mechanical obstruction of the GI | adhesions |
| how long does paralytic ileus usually last? | 24-48 hrs |
| caused by physiologic, neurogenic or chemical imbalance peristalsis from trauma or the effect of a toxin on autonomic intestinal control | paralytic ileus |
| no passage of stool | obstipation |
| in a mechanical obstruction pain is more localized adn steady with ___ | strangulation |
| vomit may contain bile and mucus or orange-brown with foul odor | mechanical obstruction s/s |
| with mechanical obstruction if it is colonic obstruction ___ | pain is milder, more intermittent colicky abd pain |
| ribbon like stools signify __ | partial obstruction |
| high pitched BS signify ___ | early mechanical obstruction |
| later stages of both mechanical and nonmechanical obstruction there will be ___ | NO bowel sounds |
| pain of nonmechanical obstruction is __ | severe and constant |
| decreased bowel sounds is a early sign of ___ | nonmechainal obstruction |
| borborygmi | high pitched bowel sounds |
| mid-abdominal colicky pain or cramping | mechanical obstruction |
| constant pain, diffuse discomfort | nonmechainal obstruction |
| increased WBC may be from | strangulated obstruction |
| hemoglobin, hematocirt, creatine, and blood urine nitrogen (BUN) are elevated in obstruction indicating ___ | dehydration |
| serum Na, chloride, and K concentrations are reduced because of ____ | loss of fluid and electrolytes from obstruction |
| elevated serum venous carbon dioxide concentraion and other values indicative of metabolic alkalosis indicates a __ | high obstruction |
| low serum venous carbon dioxide concentraion and other values indicative of metabolic acidosis indicates a __ | obstruction in large intestine |
Created by:
TayBay15
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