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Rat Dissection
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Philtrum | center groove in the upper lip |
| Plica Semilunaris | nicitating membrane protecting the eye |
| Pinna | ear lobe; long, flexible external fold that directs sound into the internal ear |
| Vibrissae | whiskers; long sensory hairs found on the face |
| Teats | nipples; external openings of the mammary glands; found on the ventral surface of the trunk |
| Muscular Diaphragm | divides the trunk into cephalic and caudal halves; aid in breathing |
| Cephalic Half | thorasic cavity containing the lungs and heart |
| Caudal Half | abdominal cavity containing the intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and reproductive organs |
| Pleura | membranes associated with with the lungs |
| Parietal Pleura | lines the thorasic cavity |
| Visceral Pleura | lines the surface of the lungs |
| Pericardia | membranes of the heart |
| Visceral Pericardia | lines the surface of the heart |
| Parietal Pericardia | located between the right and left pleural mesentary |
| Peritoneal Membranes | membranes in the abdominal cavity |
| Parietal Peritoneum | lines the inside of the abdominal cavity |
| Visceral Peritoneum | lines the organs in the abdominal cavity |
| Abdominal Mesentary | suspends the organs in the abdominal cavity; has different names depending on what they suspend |
| Mesogastrum | suspends the stomach |
| Mesoduodenum | suspends the duodenum |
| True Mesentary | suspends the small intestines |
| Mesocolon | suspends the large intestines |
| Mesochium | suspends the testes |
| Mesovarium | suspends the ovaries |
| Broad Ligament | suspends the fallopian tubes and uterus |
| Peristaltic Movement | when the smooth muscles lining the esophagus move in a wave-like pattern to force food towards the stomach |
| Pyloric Valve | connects the stomach to the duodenum |
| Rugae | folds on the inside of the stomach that increase the surface area of the stomach for digestion |
| Duodenum | first portion of the small intestines; receives ducts from the digestive glands |
| Villi | finger-like projections within the small intestines that increase the surface area for the absorption of the digested nutrients |
| Jejunum | short area of the small intestine that follows the duodenum |
| Ileum | remaining portion of the small intestines |
| Ileocolic Valve | connects the small intestine to the large intestine |
| Colon | large intestines |
| Caecum | caudally projecting sac at the entrance to the colon; absorbs sodium and potassium from food and may contain microorganisms that produce enzymes to digest cellulose |
| Rectum | straight, terminal portion of the colon |
| Alimentary Tract | Digestive Tract |
| Anus | very short ending to the alimentary tract; moves waste to the outside of the body |
| Liver | four lobes; makes bile |
| Ductus Choledochus | transports bile from the liver to the duodenum |
| Pancreas | ribbon-like structure imbedded in the mesoduodenum; makes insulin and glucagon and secretes them into the blood and the duodenum |
| Nasal Septum | separates the left and right nasal passages |
| Glottis | Opening to the larynx |
| Larynx | houses the vocal cords; opens up to the trachea |
| Trachea | windpipe |
| Arteries | carry blood from the heart |
| Veins | carry blood to the heart |
| Atria | small sacs on either side of the cranial portion of the heart; receive blood from all parts of the body |
| Right Atria | receives deoxygenated blood from the cranial and caudal vena cava, the cranial and caudal portions of the body, and the coronary sinus, that receives blood from the wall of the heart |
| Left Atria | receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veinds |
| Interventricular Septum | separates the left and right ventricles |
| Pulmonary Arterie | carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs |
| Aorta | carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body |
| Kidneys | found along the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity, and are covered by the peritoneum; convert ammonia to urea and conserve water in the process |
| Uninary Bladder | reservoir for urine from the ureter |
| Ureter | the duct extending to from the kidney to the bladder |
| Urethra | the duct extending from the bladder to the outside of the body; in females, it opens separately from any other structure; in males, it extends through the penis and receives male sex gland products |
| Scrotum | large sac of skin, muscle, and connective tissue on the exterior of the body just ventral to the anus; contains the testes |
| Testes | produces sperm |
| Vas Efferentia | embryonic kidney tubules that have been incorporated into the testes |
| Epididymis | slightly larger tubules that runs along outside the testes |
| Vas Deferens | drain the epididymis and joins it to the urethra |
| Prostate Glands | Located on either side of the urethra near the entrance to the vas deferens |
| Penis | external structure for the ejaculation of the sperm and the removal of urine |
| Ovaries | appear as masses of follicles immediately caudal to the kidneys, usually imbedded in a layer of fat; produce the eggs |
| Oviduct | a highly coiled tube that leads to the uteri |
| Uterus | separated into two complete uteri; each uteri opens separately to the vagina; young embryos develop in the uteri |
| Vagina | the birth canal; leads to the outside of the body |
| Prosencephalon | forebrain; separated into three more regions: rhinencephalon, telencephalon, and diencephalon |
| Mesencephalon | midbrain; houses the optic lobes of the brain |
| Rhombencephalon | hindbrain; divided into two more portions: the metencephalon and the myelencephalon |
| Rhinencephalon | extreme anterior portion of the brain; contains the olfactory bulbs |
| Telencephalon | made up of the two cerebral hemispheres; cerebrum is responsible for voluntary movements |
| Diencephalon | most posterior portion of the forebrain |
| Metencephalon | cerebellum; responsible for maintaining balance and controlling muscle movements |
| Myelencephalon | posterior to the cerebellum; forms a major part of the medulla oblongata |
| Medulla Oblongata | regulates internal organs |
Created by:
katherinekel2013
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