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Adult health nursing
Ch 2 surgical pt MEL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anesthesia | Needs the absence of feeling (pain), an meaning without meaning awareness of feeling, anesthesia is divided into three categories: Gen., regional, and local. |
| ablation | Amputation or exclusion of any body part or removal of growth or harmful substance |
| atelectasis | Abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of one tissues, or pneumonia may be developing |
| Cachexia | Ill health, malnutrition, and wasting as a result of chronic disease |
| Catabolism | Tissue breakdown, especially after severe trauma or crush injuries |
| Conscience sedation | Is administration of drugs that depress the central nervous system or provide analgesia to relieve anxiety or provide amnesia during surgical diagnostic procedures |
| dehiscence | The separation of a surgical incision or rupture of a wound closure |
| Drainage | The removal of fluids from a body cavity, wound, or other source of discharge by one or more methods |
| Embolus | A foreign object, quantity of air or gas, that circulates in the blood stream until it becomes lodged in a blood vessel |
| Evisceration | Protrusion of an internal organ through a disrupted wound or surgical incision |
| extubate | To remove an endotracheal tube from an airway |
| Exudate | Fluid, cells, or other substances that have been slowly excluded or discharged from body cells or blood vessels through small pores or breaks in the cell membrane |
| Infantile spirometry | Use the bedside at regular intervals to encourage a patient to breathe deeply |
| Incisions | Surgical cut produced by sharp instrument to create an opening into an organ or space in the body |
| Infarct | Localized area of necrosis in tissue, a vessel, or an organ resulting from tissue anoxia; caused by an interruption in the blood supply to area |
| Informed consent | Permission obtained from the patient to perform a specific test or procedure |
| Intraoperative | Pertaining to a period of time during surgical procedure |
| Palliative | Designed to relieve pain and distress and to control the signs and symptoms of disease; not designed to produce a cure |
| Paralytic ileus | Intestinal obstruction, absence of intestinal peristalsis and bowel sounds may occur after abdominal surgery |
| Perioperative | Entire surgical inpatient. Occurring immediately before, during, and immediately after surgery |
| Postoperative | Pertaining to the period of time after surgery |
| Preoperative | Pertaining to a period of time before surgery |
| prosthesis | Artificial replacement for missing body part |
| singultus | hiccup |
| Surgery | Branch of medicine concerned with diseases and trauma requiring operative procedures |
| Surgical asepsis | A group of techniques that destroy all microorganisms and their spores; a.k.a. sterile technique |
| Thrombus | Of or pertaining to a clot |
| Intracranial | Coughing increases intracranial pressure (ICP), leading to spinal fluid leak |
| EYE | Coughing increases ICP, which then increases intraocular pressure, causing pressure on suture line |
| Ear | Mouth must be kept open if coughing occurs to prevent pressure back up through Eustachian tube to middle ear, causing pressure on suture line |
| Nose | Mouth must be kept open if coughing occurs to prevent dislodgement of a clot with subsequent bleeding |
| Throat | Vigorous coughing may dislodge a clot with subsequent bleeding |
| Spinal | Coughing increases spinal canal pressure |
| Anastomosis | Surgical joining of 2 ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one to another; to bypass an area(joins stomach and duodenum) |
| Ectomy | Surgical removal |
| Lysis | Destruction or dissolution of(lysis of adhesions, removal of adhesions) |
| Orrhaphy | Surgical repair(herniorrhaphy, repair of a hernia) |
| oscopy | Direct visualization by a scope (cystoscopy, direct visualization of the urinary tract by means of a cystoscope |
| ostomy | Opening made to allow the passage of drainage (ileostomy, formation of in opening of the ileum onto the surface of the abdomen for the passage of feces) |
| OTOMY | Opening into (thoracotomy, surgical opening into the thoracic cavity) |
| PEXY | Fixation of(cecopexy, fixation or suspension of the cecum to correct its excessive mobility) |
| PLASTY | Plastic surgery (mammoplasty, reshaping of the breast to reduce, lift, reconstruct) |
| Major surgery | Involves extensive reconstruction or alteration in body parts; poses great risks to well-being(coronary artery bypass, colon resection, gastric resection) |
| Minor surgery | Involves minimal alteration in body parts; often designed to correct deformities; involves minimal risk(cataract extraction, skin graft, tooth extraction) |
| Elective surgery | Performed on basis of patients choice(bunion ectomy, plastic surgery) |
| Urgent surgery | Necessary for patients health(excision of cancerous tumor, removal of gallbladder for stones, vascular repair for obstructed artery) coronary artery bypass |
| Emergency surgery | Must be done immediately to save a life or preserve function of a body part |
| Diagnostic surgery | Surgical exploration that allows physician to confirm diagnosis; may involve removal of tissue for further diagnostic testing |
| ABLATION SURGERY | Excision or removal of a diseased body part(amputation, removal of appendix) |
| Palliative surgery | Surgery for relief for reduction of intensity of disease symptoms; will not produce a cure(colostomy, debridement of necrotic tissue) |
| Reconstructive surgery | Restoration of function or appearance to traumatized or malfunctioning tissue (scar revision, breast reconstruction) |
| Transplant surgery | Replacement of malfunctioning organs(cornea, heart, joints, kidneys) |
| Constructive surgery | Restoration of function loss or reduced as a result of congenital anomalies(repair of cleft pallet, closure of atrial septal defect in heart) |
| Benzodiazepine: Versed=Midazolam, Valium=Diazepam, Ativan=Lorazepam, | Actions - decreases anxiety and produces sedation, induces amnesia; NI - monitor for respiratory depression, hypotension, drowsiness, lack of coordination, dry mouth; safety - rails up/bed low |
| Opioid analgesics Morphine=Morphine, Sublimaze=Fentanyl Citrate, Delotid=Marporadine, | Actions - decreases anxiety, allows decreased anesthetics; NI- Narcan on hand in case, monitor for respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypertension, pruritus |
| H2 receptors antagonist Pepcid=Famotidine, Zantac=Ranitidine, Tagamet=Cimetidine, | Actions - reduces gastric acid volume and concentration; NI- monitor for confusion and dizziness in older adults |
| Antimetics Reglan=Metoclopramide, Inapsine = Droperidol, Zofran=Ondansetron (5 HT3) | Actions - enhances gastric emptying, PREVENTS postoperative nausea and vomiting, tranquilizer; NI- monitor for sedation extrapyramidal, reaction(involuntary movement, muscle tone change, abnormal posture), instruct patient to report difficulty breathing |
| Anticholinergic: a.k.a. parasympathetic speeds things up: Atropine Sulfate, Robinul=Glycopyrrolate | Actions - reduces oral and respiratory secretions to decrease risk of aspiration, decreases vomiting and laryngospasms; NI- monitor for confusion, restlessness, and tachycardia(HR), prepare patient to expect dry mouth |
| Antibiotics: Ancef=Cefazolin, Claforan=Cefotaxime Sodium, Rocephin=Ceftriaxone | Actions - minimizes risk of wound infection bactericidal as perioperative prophylaxis; NI- monitor signs and symptoms of superinfection, including abdominal pain, moderate to severe diarrhea, severe anal or genital pruritus, and severe mouth soreness |
| Adrenocortical steroid: Depo-Medrol-Solu-Medrol=Methylprednisolone | Actions - decreases inflammation; NI - determine whether patient has diabetes mellitus, and anticipate further increase in antidiabetic drug regimen because of raised blood glucose level, determine whether patient as hypersensitivity to drug |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID) Toradol=Ketorolac, Motrin, Naproxen | Actions - reduces intensity of pain and inflammation; NI- Assess the duration, location, onset, and type of pain the patient is having, evaluate patient for therapeutic response |
| Anticoagulants - prevents platelets from forming: Lovenox=Enoxaparin | Actions - prevents new clot formation or secondary embolic complications, produces anticoagulation; NI - bleeding precautions, tell the patient not to take aspirin or similar over-the-counter drugs, do not give IM, but give subQ |
| Heparin sodium | NI-crosscheck heparin dose with another nurse before administering, assess patient gums for arrhythmia and gingival bleeding; scan for bruises or petechiae,use constant rate IV infusion pump, monitor the patient's partial thromboplastin time diligently |
| Coumadin= Warfarin sodium | NI- Observe patient for evidence of hemorrhage such as abdominal and back pain decreased blood pressure, increased pulse rate, and severe headache, do not drink alcohol or make any drastic dietary changes, if they have black stool, bleeding- bloody cough |
| Thrombolytics | Destroys clot, clot buster, dissolves clot, 4 hour window after stroke |
Created by:
diamondgirljaz
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