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Microbiology Test 4
Microbes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is special about mycoplasma? | require human host to survive, cholesterol NO CELL WALL: gob of jelly that dry out and die very quickly out in environment do not stain |
| what kind of microorganism is mycobacterium pneumoniea? | aerobe, fried egg appearance on agar 20% of the pneumonia cases (walking pneumonia) |
| how is mycobacterium pneumoniae spread? | spread by respiratory drops: organism binds to cilia and microvilli of respiratory tract, interfere with colliery action and inhibits lung function |
| what is the clinical sign of mycobacterium pneumoniae? | non productive cough, IgA production immunity is not complete cold hem agglutinins produce IgM |
| how do you treat mycobacterium pneumonia? | tetracycline or erythromycin, immunity is not complete limit the infection, you do not eliminate the colonization |
| what kind of microorganism is mycobacterium hominis? | faculatative anaerobe arginine breakdown, found in the GI tract |
| what disease does mycobacterium hominis cause? | associated with postabortal, postpartum fever and PID can be a type of STD self limiting |
| what type of microorganism is ureplasma urealyticum? | faculatitive anaerobe that breaks down urea |
| where do we find ureplasma urelyticum in people? | 80% of people who have slept with 3 or more people have this in their GI tract |
| what disease does ureplasma urelyticum cause? | non chylamydial uretheritis in men (inflammation in ureter) chrioamnionitis: pregnant women STD: requires human host |
| what type of microorganism is rickettsia? | small gram negative rod, usually transmitted by factor coxiella may be aerosol have defect in their cell wall and this is why they require host |
| where do rickettsia live? | cytoplasm |
| where do coxiella and ehrlichia live? | vacuoles |
| what is the cell wall defect in rickettsia? | leaky membrane uses host ATP and can use ADP most infections are clinical |
| what disease does rickettsia rickettsia or spotted fever gout cause? | rocky mountain spotted gever |
| where do you get rickettsia rickettsia from? | wood tick, dog tick, lone star tick transferred transovarialy: mom gives to her babies |
| what is special about rickettsia rickettsia or rocky mountain spotted fever? | rash on palms and soles of feet tick as to feed for an extended time |
| how is rickettsial pox or rickettsia akari transmitted? | roden mite |
| how does rickettsial pox or rickettsia akari clinically appear? | eschar at bite site initially, diffuse rash follows, rash develops into eschars (no disseminated rash) |
| how is rickettsial typhus group transmitted? | fleas, mites, body louse self inoculation when bug is squished |
| what does rickettsial prowazekii cause? | typhus fever by human body louse |
| what does murine typhus cause? | rickettsial typhi (rat fleas) mainly along texas coast |
| what is scrub typhus? | rickettsial tsutsugamushi (roden mites or chiggars) eschar lesion, rash limited south pacific region |
| what type of microorganism is coxiella burnetii? | zoonosis transmitted by aerosols or milk contaminated by fecal material not leaky like rickettsia remains in the lysosome |
| what disease does coxiella burnetii cause? | Q fever: strong headache, fever, pneumonia, dry cough infection but no rash |
| what type of microorganism is ehrlichia chaffeensis? | similar to rickettsial disease without disseminated rash rash at bite site only |
| where can you get ehrlichia chaffeensis? | tick borne: dog tick, lone star tick endemic in dogs, associated with WBC |
| what is special about chlamydia? | requires host to survive: obligate intracellular bacteria similar to gram negative cell wall but no peptidoglycan requires ATP from host but does not use ADP invasion by host endoyctrosis |
| what are elementary bodies in chlamydia? | infectious body, no metabolism |
| what are reticulate bodies in chlamydia? | larger replicative from, once it replicates makes elementary body |
| where is chlamydia psittaci found | birds are host: zoonosis from fecal dust of bird poop, met be dry poop |
| what is chlamydia psittaci called in humans? | ornithosis |
| how is chlamydia pneumoniea transmitted? | human host only droplets spread non productive cough similar to mycoplasma infections |
| what does chlamydia pneumonea cause? | walking pneumonia |
| what is trachoma? | infections of the eyelid, lower eyelid that leads to increased vascularity may result in blindness |
| what is inclusion conjunctivitis? | acute eye infection following birth, mother vaginally infects newborn |
| what is chlamydia trachomatis? | most common STD in USA usually asymptomatic, may cause non gonococcal urethritis |
| what type of organism are the zoonoses? | gram negative rods, serious diseases of animals generally dead ended infections |
| what does brucella abortus cause? | undulant fever that results in abortions, infertility, sterility |
| what does brucella abortus use to infect? | erythritol that is present in reproductive organs |
| how do humans get brucella abortus? | infects humans by contaminated food products or feces contact, unpasteurized dairy products |
| how does brucella abortus survive? | macrophage, small granulomas form in lymph nodes that causes night sweats |
| what is a Bang's free area? | an area where there is no brucella abortus found |
| what does pasteurella multocida cause? | non specific cellulitis or osteomyelitis |
| where is pastuerelal multocida found? | mouth of animals directly given to humans by animal bite |
| what are the symptoms due to in pastuerella multocida? | capsule there is also a correlation with sutures |
| what does fracisella tularensis cause? | rabbit fever being investigated as an agent of bio war |
| what are the symptoms of fracisella tularensis? long term/short term | short term linfluenza like condition long term low grade fever and adenopathy symptoms due to endotoxin |
| what does Yersinia pestis cause? | black death or plague in Europe fever and bubos under your arm or in groin that pop and cause draining sinus |
| what type of organism is Yersinia pestis? | facultative intracellular parasite that exists in rodents and other wild animals |
| how is Yersinia pestis multiplied in fleas? | multiplies in flea and blocks midgut to cause clot. flea bites new host and vomits and deposits bacteria onto new host |
| what is an endemic cycle? | out in nature that is always going on |
| what is a sylvatic cycle? | human hosts |
| what are spirochetes? | helical organisms, flexible cell wall fibrils surround wall, similar to flagella |
| what does treponema pallidum cause? | syphilis |
| what does treponema pallidum do to protect itself? | coats outside wall so it looks like self |
| what is reponema pallidum lacking? | no endotoxins, no exotoxins, no tissue reaction for primary lesion |
| what does congenital syphilis have? | Hutchinson's incisors (divots) Mulberry molars |
| what are the stages of syphilis? | primary: site of lesion secondary: rash (infectious) teriary: lesions are destructive |
| what is the rate of infection for syphilis? | 25% revert and get well 45% remain positive with no signs 30% get tertiary |
| what does borrelia burgdorferi cause? | Lyme disease |
| how do you get borrelia burgdorferi? | zoonosis transmitted by Ixodes tick tick feed on infected animal, infected tick feeds on human and transmits |
| what is diagnostic about borrelia burgdorferi? | primary lesion at tick bite site, starts with macule or papule and expands into bull's eye lesion second stage is fluctuating meningitis, facial palsy and neuropathy third stage is arthritis |
| what does borrelia recurrentis cause? | relapsing fever high fever, rigors, head ache and muscle pain |
| where does borrelia recurrentis occur? | areas of overcrowding, malnutrition, lack of hygiene and war |
| how do you get borrelia recurrentis? | transmission from rodent reservoir by tick |
| what is epidemic relapsing fever? | borrelia recurrentis that is transmitted from human to human. Much more sever than endemic because entire organ involvement |
| what does leptospira interrogans cause? | leptospirosis |
| where can you get leptospira interrogans? | animal urine organism penetrates skin lesions, ingested or through eyes |
| what are the stages of leptospira interrogans? | usually subclinical in first stage with fever, chills, headache and muscle pain second stage is aspetic meningitis or severe hemorrhagic rash all over body |
| what can pasteurella multocida be treated with? | penicillin which is unusual for a gram negative because it can't get through cell wall |
| what are the gram negative rod zoonoses? | brucella abortus pateurella multocida grancusella tularensis Yersinia pestis |
| what is mycology? | fungal pathogens that the cell wall are made of chitin and have ergosterol (sterol) in the cell membrane eucaryotes that are mainly opportunistic pathogens |
| what type of diseases are cause by mycology? | toxins: systemic effects allergies cause my IgE |
| what are cutaneous mycoses? | tinea or ringworms epidermophyton, trichophyton, microsporum |
| how do cutaneous mycoses infect? | infect on skin level, do not go systemic, require direct contract where there is a lesion that the spore can get into |
| what is tinea capitis? | ringworm of the head |
| what is tinea barbae? | ringworm of the beard |
| what is tinea cruris? | ringworm of the groin |
| what is tinea corporis? | ringworm of the trunk |
| how are cutaneous mycoses treated? | may be treated topically |
| what is the organism known as subcutaneous mycoses? | sporothrix achenckii |
| where is sporothrix achenckii found and what does it cause? | found on rose thorns, infects gardeners creates local pustule with inflamed draining nodes |
| what is special about systemic mycoses? | infects immocompetent hosts generally is a self limiting lung infection |
| what is blasomyces paracoccidoides? | inhalation of spores from mold in soil there is no patient to patient infection, just environment to patient infection |
| what are the two diseases caused by coccidioides immitis? | valley fever in California which is the cough desert rheumatism in Arizona which goes to your bones |
| how do you get coccidiodies immitis? | spores in the soil carried by the wind are inhaled and cause granulomas arthrospores break open and spores come out inside your body and go everywhere |
| what special population does coccidiodies immitis infect? | high infection rate in African American generally asymptotic but may get flu like symptoms with granulomas and meningitis |
| what is histoplasma capulatum called in the soil? in tissue? | soil: mold tissue: yeast |
| where is histoplasma capulatum endemic to? | Ohio and Mississippi river valley found in soul with bird droppings, does not infect birds |
| how do you get histoplasma capulatum? | spores inhaled and engulfed by macrophages, form yeast structure that neutralizes phagolysosomes, replication and spread |
| what does histoplasma capulatum cause? | generally asymptomatic but can cause pneumonia with intense exposure HIV/AIDS patients get oral lesions |
| where is blastomyces dermatitis endemic to? | eastern North American generally asymptotic lung infections |
| what is diagnostic about blastomyces dermatitis? | mother cell has scarring from budding off asexually |
| what area is paracoccidoidies brasilliensis endemic to? | endemic to Latin America: causes SA blastomycosis |
| what are the opportunistic mycoses? | affect immunocompormised hosts candidia, crytococcus, aspergillus, pneumocytsis, mucor, rhizopus |
| what does candida albicans cause? | thrush, esophagitis, vaginitis, mucocutaneous candidiasis |
| what can be used as a diagnostic test for immune system? | candida albicans |
| what is crytococcus neoformans? | yeast in soil with pigeon droppings get it from inhalation |
| what is the diagnostic features of crytococcus neoformans? | very large capsule |
| what diseases does cryptococcus neoformans cause? | pneumonia in immunosuppressed individuals that disseminates not meningitis and HIV/AIDS |
| what is aspergillus fumigates? | infections of skin, eyes, ears by airborne contaminant environmental mold |
| what is diagnostic for aspergillus fumigates? | fungus ball colony that appears within the lungs |
| what does pneumocystis appear as in the tissue? | cyst in the alveoli that inhibit lung infections cause blockage of oxygen transmission |
| where can you get caries? | smooth surface pit and fissure dentin caries root caries |
| what are caries? | slow decomposition of teeth due to the loss of hydroxyapatitie crystals from the surface due to the presence of acids generated by microbial fermentation that dissolves the crystal structure |
| what theories do we still use today? | chemo-parasitic and proteolysis chelation theory |
| is there a single organism that causes tooth decay? | NO |
| what is the only organism that causes smooth surface caries? | S. mutans |
| why does lactobacillus not cause smooth surface caries? | doesn't have the tools to hang out to the tooth and precipitate caries |
| what can we do to prevent caries? | give patients flouroapatite so the tooth surface is not as readily dissolvable |
| what is the parasitic theory? | filamentous parasites in the surface membrane cause decomposition, they had microscopes so could see the filamentous structures from dental plaque |
| what is the chemical theory? | believed an unidentified chemical agent dissolved tooth surface due to material on teeth |
| what is chemo-parasitic theory? | combined chemical and parasitic theories combination of the chemical (acid) production by the parasite (bacteria) to be responsible for the dissolution of the tooth |
| what is proteolytic theory? | destruction of the tooth due to its proteins on the tooth surface |
| what is chelation theory? | various chemical components on the surface of the tooth and in the tooth may be chelated away and the tooth dissolves |
| what is proteolysis-chelation theory? | combined proteolytic and chelation theories that deals with acids on the surface of the tooth |
| who created parasitic theory? | Erdl |
| who created chemical theory? | Parmly |
| who created chemo-parasitic theory? | W.D. miller |
| who created chelation theory? | Schatz |
| what must you have before S. mutans colonizes? | teeth |
| what happens in plaque going from outside the biofilm into the enamel? | nutrients decrease, oxygen decrease, pH decreases, metabolic products increase |
| what are the virulence factors of S. mutans? | invertase, glucosyl transferases, fructosyl transferases, intracellular structures (IPS) |
| what does invertase do? | breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose |
| what does glucosyl transferases do? | takes sucrose and splits it in two and removes fructose but stringers glucose together to form dextran or mutans |
| what does fructosyl transferase do? | takes sucrose molecule and splits it in two and removes the glucose but stringer the fructose together to from fructans |
| what kind of microorganism is oral treponemes? | gram negative anerobic spirals |
| what kind of microorganism is fusobacteria nucleatum? | gram negatie anerobic rod |
| what is special about Treponema oral pathogen? | relative of treponema palladium, can be grown in culture isolated from ANUG or advanced perio patients |
| what two organisms can be isolated from ANUG or advanced perio patients? | fusbacteria nucleatum and treponema denticola |
| what are anaerobes from perio pockets called now? | tannerella, prevotella, porphyromonas |
| what does the mitis group cause? | infective endocarditis |
| what happens when you don't brush? | gram positive cocci, gram negative cocci, filaments and fusobacteria, spirals and spirochaetes |
| what kind of organism is S. mutans? | gram positive cocci not found in saliva |
| what kind of microorganism is streptococcus salivarius group? | gram positive cocci mucosal surfaces including tongue, large concentration in saliva |
| what type of microorganism is streptococcus aninosus group? | gram positive cocci dental plaque inhabitant beta hemolytic |
| what does E. faecalis form? | causes caries in pit and fissure of teeth may cause dental caries in germ free animals |
| what are staphylococcus, micrococcus and stomatococcus associated with | immunocompromised patients, dentures and tongue slime |
| what type of organism is actinomyces? | gram positive rods that are filamentous potential root caries candidate |
| what type of organism is eubacterium? | gram positive rod filamentous and may contribute up to 50% of anaerobic bacteria in perio pockets |
| what type of organism is propionibacterium acnes | gram positive rod, filamentous find it in draining sinus tracts |
| what type of organism is lactobacillus? | gram positive rod, filamentous |
| what type of organism is haemophilus? | gram negative rod, requires heme that is found in gingival fluid |
| what type of organism is Aa? | gram negative rod, associated with aggressive periodontal disease and is a pathogen |
| what type of organism is porphyromonas gingivalis? | gram negative rod that requires vitamin K and heme from gingival fluid, implicated in periodontal disease |
| what type of organism is provotella? | gram negative rod that increases during perio disease |
| what type of organism is veillonella? | gram negative cocci |
Created by:
Chobchi
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