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Evolution
Notes and vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolution | It is the change in the inherited characteristics of the organisms in a species which occurs through the passage of time. |
| Species | Large group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offsprings. |
| Genes | A part of a cell that influences growth,appearance,hereditary phenotypes,diseases etc of a living thing. |
| Survival of the fittest | individuals that are best equipped to survive will have better chances to mate and thus pass on their genes to ensure the survival of their population |
| How can evolution refine existing adaptations? | Evolution can take place when modifying adaptations of existing structures to a new function (ex. penguin wings have been modified for swimming) |
| How was chitin modified to serve an additional function? | Chitin was modified through the process of evolution, when the first unicellular fungi diverged from other unicellular organisms that went on to become the animals. |
| How were flippers of new penguins modified for a new function? | through natural selection |
| Embryology | Embryology is the science of the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage. |
| Fossil | Any preserved evidence of life from a past geological age, such as the impressions and remains of organisms embedded in stratified rocks |
| what is a fossil record? | The fossilized artifacts and their placement within the earth's rock strata. It provides information about the history of life on earth, for instance what the organisms look like, where and when they live, how they evolved, etc. |
| Basilosaurus fossils suggest that... | they had weak muscles and could neither dive deep nor swim for extended periods,theor vertebrate was hollow and likely filled with fluid. |
| Geographic distribution | It is the way plants and animals are organized in a given area. |
| Homologous structures | Structures derived from a common ancestor or same evolutionary or developmental origin |
| Vestigial structures | Structures determined genetically or attributes that have lost all or most of their ancesteral function in a given species. |
| Similarities in development(embryological evidence) | The individual development of an organism reflects its evolutionary history or phylogeny(study of the evolutionary history of a kind of organism). |
| DNA sequences and molecular evidence | |
| How do fossils form? | fossils form when the remains of animals get stuck between rocks and it takes many years for them to become fossils. |
| Geologic time sacle | It is a system of chronological measurements that relates stratigraphy to time. |
| relative dating of fossils | scientists compare the ages of fossils in one layer of the earth to the fossils in another layer of the earth. the one that is deeper is likely to be older. |
| radiometric dating of fossils(embryological development) | technique used to date rocks of carbon, usually based on comparison between the observed abundance of a naturally occuring radioisotope and its decay product. |
| continental drift(Pangaea) | Millions of years ago all the land mass on earth was one continent called Pangaea. later due to activity these continents drifted apart. |
| Georges Buffon ideas | |
| Adaptions | An adaptation is an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral trait that contributes to an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in competition with conspecifics in the environment in which it evolved |
| Jean Baptiste Lemark ideas (and inheritance of acquired characteristics) | organisms inherit the traits acquired during their parents' lifetime. |
| Darwin's observations abroad the HMS Beagle | Darwin on a stop to the Galapagos islands notetd that the mockingbirds on each island were somewaht different. This made him think that they must share a common a common ancestor. The years of travel and research focused Darwin's mind and sharpened the po |
| Charles Lyell's ideas | Lyell's view of geology takes place and changes is nowadays known as uniformitarianism. His insistence that the processes that alter the earth are uniform through time, Lyell viewed the history of earth being vast and directionless,history of life same. |
| Thomas Malthus ideas | Looking at humans ans groups of individuals, and all under the basis of same laws and regulations. Malthus pointed out that the same forces of fertility and starvation that shaped the human race were also at work on animals and plants and that |
| evolution keeps in check the fertility rate of the human population to ensure its survival according to the climate, environment and food. | |
| Descent with modification | Evolution only occurs when there is a change in gene frequency within a population over time. These genetic differences are heritable and can be passed on to the next generation—which is what really matters in evolution: long term change. |
| Natural selection | It means that the organisms in a species that have slightly different genotypes and phenotypes are likely to survive and reproduce to a much higher extent than those that are targeted by death more often, resulting in the gene pool of that species to |
| be more of the organisms that survive and reproduce more, so in time eliminating the genes of the dying organisms in the same species.(survival of the fittest) |
Created by:
Azeem
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