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Chapter 19 vocab ES

TermDefinition
Stress the total force acting on crustal rocks per unit of area
Strain the deformation of materials in response to stress
Elastic deformation caused when a type of compressed, bent, or stretched
Plastic deformation when stress builds up past a certain, called the elastic limit
Fault any fracture or system of fractures along which Earth moves
Seismic waves the vibrations of the ground produced during an earthquake
Primary waves Squeeze and push rocks in the direction along which the waves are traveling
Secondary waves S-waves, are named with respect to their arrival times
Focus the point where the waves originate
Epicenter the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus
Seismometers most of the vibrations caused by seismic waves cannot be felt at great distances from an earthquake's epicenter but they can be detected by this sensitive instruments
Seismogram the record produced by a seismometer
Richter scale devised by a geologist named Charles Richter, a numerical rating system.
Magnitude the measures the energy of the largest seismic waves
Amplitude the numbers in the Richter scale are determined by the height
Moment Magnitude Scale a rating scale that measures the energy released by an earthquake
Modified Mercalli Scale This measure called the intensity of an earthquake
Soil Liquefcation In areas with sand that is nearly saturated with water, seismic vibration can cause the ground to behave like a liquid in a phenomenon
Tsunami A large ocean wave generated by vertical motions on the seafloor during an earthquake
Seismic gaps Sections located along faults that are known to be active, but which have not experienced significant earthquakes for a long period of time.
Created by: Kamishepard_14
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