Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 19 Vocab
Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stress | Forces per unit area that act on a material- compression,tension, and shear |
| Strain | deformation of materials in response to stress |
| Elastic Deformation | Causes materials to bend and stretch; proportional to stress, so if the stress is reduced or returns to zero the strain or deformation is reduced or disapears |
| plastic deformation | Permanent deformation caused by strain when stress exceeds a certain value |
| Fault | Fracture or system of fractures in earth's crust that occurs when stress is applied too quickly or stress is too great |
| Seismic waves | The vibrations of the ground during an earthquake |
| Primary waves | seismic wave that squeezes and pushes rocks in the same direction that the wave travels, know as a p-wave |
| Secondary waves | Seismic wave that causes rock particles to move at right angles to the direction of the wave, known as an s-wave |
| Focus | Point of the initial fault rupture where an earthquake originates that usually lies at least several kilometers beneath earth's surface |
| Epicenter | Point on earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake |
| Seismometers | instrument used to measure horizontal or vertical motion during an earthquake |
| Seismogram | Record produced by a seismometer that can provide individual tracking of each type of seismic wave |
| Richter Scale | Numerical rating system used to measure the amount of energy released during an earthquake |
| Magnitude | Measure of energy released during an earthquake, which can be described using richer scale |
| Amplitude | The size of the seismic waves; an increase of 1 in the scale represents an increase in amplitude of a factor of 10 |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | Scale used to measure earthquake magnitude- taking into account the size of the fault rupture |
| Modified Mercalli scale | Measures earthquakes intensity on a scale from 1 to 10 |
| Soil Liquefaction | Process associated with seismic vibrations that occur in areas of sand that is nearly saturated;resulting in the ground behaving like liquid |
| Tsunami | Large powerful ocean wave generated by the vertical motions of the seafloor during an earthquake |
| Seismic Gaps | place along an active fault that has not experienced an earthquake for a long time |
Created by:
Deonna2014