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Biology #12
Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allele | letter used to represent half of a pair of genes |
| Autosomes | term used to describe the 22 pairs of chromosomes in humans that are not sex-determining |
| Chromosomes | separate sections of long strands of DNA, some organisms only have 16, while others may have hundreds |
| Gametes | haploid cells that unite to form diploid cells at fertilization |
| Genotype | genetic components of a trait |
| Phenotype | physical expression of a trait |
| Oogenesis | process that forms eggs for sexual reproduction |
| Spermatogenesis | process that forms sperm for sexual reproduction |
| Test cross | Mating a recessive phenotype with a dominant but unknown phenotype to determine genotype |
| Name one of the two men who discovered DNA in 1953. | Watson or Crick |
| Write an example of heterozygous alleles, like for tall plants or for green plants | Tt or Gg |
| What are some small section of DNA called that represent the instructions for a specific protein that leads to a specific trait? | Genes |
| Write an example of homozygous alleles, like for tall plants or for green plants. | TT, tt, GG, or gg |
| What are organisms called that have the gene for a trait but do not have the characteristics of that gene? | Carriers |
| Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics?' | Mendel |
| List an example of a species characteristic, like for a dog, cat, or bird. | barking, feathers, etc. |
| List the 5 phases, in order, of mitosis and meiosis. | Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| List 3 uses of mitosis | Repair, growth, replacement, asexual reproduction |
| Explain what is happening when mitosis occurs. | Cells are creation exact duplicates. Duplicated chromosomes appear and line up in the middle. they pull apart and the cell pinches in the middle and separates into two parts that have exact copies of DNA. |
| Explain what is happening when meiosis occurs. | Sexual gametes are being produced. The same stages occur as in mitosis but they happen twice. The first time has tetrads and there ends up being four cells at the end that have only half of the DNA instead of two cells with whole copies. |
| Explain what makes you, you. | Genetics, environment, and choices--God also moves in each area and makes changes as needed. |
| What are dominant and recessive and how do that relate to each other? | Traits may be expressed or masked. Dominant traits mask recessive traits whenever both are present. Recessive traits can only be expressed if there aren't any dominant traits present. |
| Bonus: If you cross a homozygous recessive gene with an heterozygous gene, what will be the resulting ratios of phenotypes and genotypes? | a. Phenotype--2:2 (50/50) b. Genotype--2:2 (50/50) |
Created by:
ecs9
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