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bio plant test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| function of leaves | create glucose through photosynthesis |
| function of stem | transports water and nutrients through the plant, strengthens the plant, and holds it up |
| function of roots | gather water and nutrients from the soil, and anchor the plant |
| 4 characteristics of plants | eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, cell walls/cellulose (polysaccharide) |
| what 3 things do plants need to survive | sunlight, exchange of gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen), and small amounts of minerals and nutrients |
| what did plants originate from | ancient green algae that grew in oceans |
| how many years ago did plants move to land | 450 million years ago |
| what are the 4 main groups of plants | bryophytes, seedless vascular, gymnosperms, and angiosperms |
| whats a tracheophyte | plant with tracheids or vascular tissue |
| which of the main groups are tracheophytes | seedless vascular, gymnosperm, angiosperm |
| are bryophytes vascular or non vascular | non vascular |
| why do bryophytes have thin walls | for osmosis and nutrient absorption |
| which of the four main groups have seedless reproduction | bryophytes and seedless vascular |
| what type of environment are bryophytes found in | moist and wet |
| examples of bryophytes | moss, liverworts, hornworts |
| environment of seedless vascular | moist and wet |
| examples of seedless vascular plants | ferns, horsetails, club mosses |
| how do bryophytes reproduce | produce spores that pass in the water |
| how do seedless vasculars reproduce | produce spores that fall to the ground |
| which of the main groups are non-vascular/vascular | vascular: gymnosperms, angiosperms, seedless vascular. non-vascular: bryophytes |
| environment of gymnosperms | range of climates |
| how do gymnosperms reproduce | they create cones (exposed seeds) |
| examples of gymnosperms | conifers, ginkgoes, etc |
| how do angiosperms reproduce | they create flowers and fruits with protected seeds |
| examples of angiosperms | fruit trees, woody species, wildflowers |
| what are the three types of tissues that plants have | dermal, ground, vascular |
| function of dermal tissue | protects outer surface of plant |
| function of ground tissue | supports dermal and vascular tissue |
| function of vascular tissue | transports water and nutrients through the plant |
| two types of cells found in vascular tissue? | xylem and phloem |
| what is xylem | specialized cells called tracheids that transport WATER |
| what is phloem | specialized cells that transport FOOD AND NUTRIENTS |
| what are the two groups that angiosperms can be broken into? | monocots and dicots |
| what are the seeds of monocots | one cotyledon |
| what are the seeds of dicots | two cotyledon |
| what are the roots of monocots | fibrous roots that absorb water quickly (there are lots of roots) |
| what are the roots of dicots | tap roots (thicker than fibrous) |
| what are the stems of monocots like | scattered vascular tissue |
| what are the stems of dicots like | vascular tissue bundles are shaped in a ring |
| what type of leaf veins do monocots have | parallel veins |
| what type of leaf veins do dicots have | web of veins (one central vein with other little veins coming off) |
| what do root hairs do | increase surface area of roots |
| what do stomata(or stoma) do | allow carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water to diffuse in and out of the leaf by opening and closing two guard cells |
| what is transpiration | the process of water evaporation through the leaves that causes water to move through the xylem |
| what are three things that effect transpiration | temperature, wind (speeds it up), and humidity (slows it down) |
| what are the four steps of fertilization in angiosperms | 1. insects get attracted to bright petals 2. insect gets pollen on its body from the anther of the plant 3. insect carries the pollen to another flower and drops it into the stigma 4. pollen travels down the style and into the ovary, creating seeds |
| what are hormones | they're produced in one area of the plant but can affect other parts of the plant |
| what are two types of hormones | auxin and cytokinin |
| what does auxin do | stimulates elongation of the stem cells and causes the stem to bend |
| what does cytokinin do | stimulates cell division, the growth of lateral buds, and causes dormant seeds to germinate |
| what is a tropism | the response of plants to external stimuli |
| what is geotropism | response to gravity : stem grows up, roots grow down |
| what is hydrotropism | roots grow towards water |
| what is phototropism | plants grow towards light source |
| what is thigmatropism | response to touch: leaves closing or vines wrapping |
| what is photoperiodism | deciduous plants know when to grow and lose leaves |
| what is dormancy | period of decreased or stopped growth and activity. cold weather=decreased photosynthesis |
| how are seeds dispersed | by: animals eating them, wind or water, bursting, or by being carried by animals |
Created by:
d0402774
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