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T3 Exam
Immunology Test 3 Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An adaptive response may not be triggered against every bacterial and viral infection. | – True |
| Natural passive immunity generates strong memory response. | – False |
| Th-1 is more effective than Th-2 in helminth infection. | – False |
| The blood brain barrier can become more permeable during inflammation. | – True |
| Example of natural passive immunity ___ | mother to fetus |
| Example of fecal oral infection ___, Example of STI ___. | Dysentery, Chlamydia |
| A person with septicemia is a ___ infection, a person with viremia has a ___ infection. | Bacterial, viral |
| ___ is an inflammatory molecule found on the surface of gram – bacteria. | LPS |
| The expression of the MHC1 protein increases on ___. | Cells of transplanted grafts |
| Which is or are elevated during parasitic infections ___. | serum IgE and Eosinophiles |
| Important in immune response to bacteria – | B-cells, Ab, Macrophages (extracellular),CD8 and NK (intracellular), Compliment with MAC, Cytokines, TLR’s on Macrophages and Dendritic cells with PAMPs like LPS |
| Immunopathologyis responsible for many of the signs and symptoms of viral infection | – True |
| The less severe form of leprosy, the tuberculoid form, results from poor or absent T cell response. | – False |
| Most human viruses enter the host cell with receptor mediated endocytosis or fusion of the endonucleus with the cell membrane | – True |
| Dendritic cells are the best APC for extracellular bacterial pathogens, B cells are best APC for bacterial toxins. | – True |
| Candida – | opportunistic yeast infection |
| Chlamydia – | Poor memory response due to IgA, STI |
| C. botulinum – | causes flaccid paralysis, anti-wrinkle toxin |
| C. difficile – | Spores not deactivated by hand gel sanitizer |
| C. Tetani – | involves invasive neurotoxin, deep puncture wound |
| Cornynebac Diphtheriea – | Causes throat infection, inhibits protein synthesis |
| E. coli – | some strains involve shiga-like toxin, do not use antibiotics |
| H. pylori – | stomach ulcers and cancer |
| N. fowlerii – | makes a nest in the brain cavity, hard to treat |
| S. Aureus - | contains super antigen, can produce cytokine storm |
| S. pneumonia – | contains a capsule so it cannot be phagocytized |
| S. pyogenies – | can cause necrotizing fasciitis |
| Most childhood vaccinations are not? | – Theraputic |
| Important in immune response to viruses from 1-4 | 1. IFN 2. CD8 3. Neutralizing Ab 4. Compliment |
| Is present in cancer patients, but does not assist in getting rid of tumors | – Macrophages |
| Cancer patients have large amounts of one type of epitope with specific Ab | – Hodgkin’s Lymphoma |
| Inactivated vaccine usually generate a better memory response than attenuated vaccines | – False |
| The HPV and HBV vaccines are usually prophylactic | – True |
| Plasmid DNA vaccines are more stable than conjugate vaccines | – True |
| Some historical preparation of MMR vaccines have been defective | – True |
| Name the two antigens of Influenze and what they do | – Neuraminidase and Hemogglutinase |
| Difference between drift and shift | – drift point mutation |
| Write type of vaccine and example | 1. Unaltered – vaccinia 2. Attenuated – Influenza 3. Killed – Polio 4. Purified/Conjugate – Influenza 5. Recombinant – Hep B 6. DNA vaccine – Bird Flu |
| Most important in developing tolerance | – T-reg |
| Tolerance to foreign antigen is easier to attain in newborns than in adults | – True |
| Transplant patient cannot build tolerance to transplant and must be on immune suppressors for life | – False |
| Exposure to high amounts of antigen over time can generate tolerance | – True |
| Trophoblast and the uterus of pregnant woman contain IL10, IL4, TGFβ to suppress Th1 cells | – True |
| Why is it not common practice to vaccinate newborn infants? | May reactivate and give disease |
| Most tumors result from single point mutations | – False |
| Most established tumors contain infiltrates of lymphocytes and other leukocytes. | – True |
| Tumor cells often express low adhesion molecules B7.1, B7.2, so they are poor APCs | – True |
| NK cells are effective in regression of established tumors | – False |
| ___ are more effective than ___ in killing tumor cells low in MHC1 expression. | NK cells, CD8 TC cells |
| ___ reaction can occur if mature immunocompetent cell transplanted with organs or grafts. | Graft vs Host |
| ___ is an immunosuppressant to treat transplant patients. | Cyclosporin |
| A TH 1 cell dominated response would be more effective than TH2 cell in the helminth cells. | FALSE |
| Natural passive immunity is passed from | placenta to baby (that was my answer) |
| ___ is fecal oral infection and ___ ___ is STI. | Dyesntry, neisserie gonorrhea |
| Septicemia is systemic ___ ___infection and viremia is systemic ___ infection. | gram – negative bacteria, viral |
| LPS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE – | is an inflammatory molecule found on gram negative bacteria. |
| Expression of MHC 1 increases on cells that are on | transplanted graft cells. |
| ____ and ____ are elevated in parasitic infection. | Serum IgE and eosinophils |
| Less severe form of leprosy tuberculoid form results from poor or absent t cells. | False |
| Present in cancer patients but not effective in eliminating cancer | antibodies to tumor antigen. |
| Serum of person has large amounts of one type of epitope specific antibody | multiple myeloma |
| HPV and Hep B vaccines may prove to be prophylactic cancer vaccines. | False |
| Allograft - | typical human transplant |
| Autograft - | typical for human skin transplant |
| Carcinogen - | agent that transforms cell into cancer cells. |
| CEA - | retrogenic tumor associated to colon |
| HER 2 - | breast cancer |
| Heperacute - | rejection if recipient has Ab at the time of surgery |
| LAK - | activated NK cells exposed to IL2 |
| Langerhan cells - | effective APC for skin graft |
| Oncogene - | codes for protein involved in cell division |
| P53 - | protein absent in tumor cells |
| Passenger cell - | shed by transplanted tissue |
| PSA - | concentration monitored in men with prostrate |
| Virokine - | viral protein interfering cytokine signals. |
| Xenograft - | pigs genetically altered |
| All transplant recipient must take immunosuppressant’s medication for the rest of their lives. | False |
| ___ is important for tolerance. | Treg Cells |
| Most tumor cells transformed as a result of single mutation. | False |
| NK CELLS are typically effective in the regression of established tumors. | False |
| Immunosuppressant medication to treat transplant recipient. | Rapamycin |
| Mixed lymphocytes reaction is commonly performed before all transplants. | False |
Created by:
bbez
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