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College Biology1
Biology - Ch15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chromosome theory of inheritance | A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located at specific positions (loci) on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis that accounts for inheritance patterns. |
| wild type | The phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the individual with that phenotype |
| linked gene | Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together |
| x-linked genes | A gene located on the X chromosome; such genes show a distinctive pattern of inheritance |
| duchenne muscular dystrophy | A human genetic disease caused by a sex linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and loss of muscular tissue |
| hemophilia | A human genetic disease caused by a sex linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of one or more blood clotting proteins; characterized by excessive following injury. |
| barr body | a dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome. |
| genetic recombination | General term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parents |
| parental types | an offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the true breeding parental(P generation) phenotypes; also refers to phenotype itself |
| recombinant types | (recombinants) an offspring who’s phenotype differs from that of the true breeding p generation parents; also refers to phenotype itself |
| crossing over | the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids during prophase 1 of meiosis |
| genetic map | An ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along the chromosome |
| linkage map | A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombinations between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes |
| map units | A unit of measurement of the distance between genes. One map unit is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency. |
| cytogenetic maps | A map of a chromosome that locates genes with respect to chromosomal features distinguishable in a microscope. |
| nondisjunction | An error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other. |
| aneuploidy | A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in numbers. |
| monosomatic | Referring to a diploid cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two. |
| trisomic | Referring to a diploid that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two. |
| polyploidy | A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is the result of an accident of cell division. |
| deletion | (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breaking. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene. |
| duplication | An aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated. |
| inversion | Am aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated. |
| translocation | The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of “language” from nucleotides to amino acids. |
| down syndrome | A human genetic disease usually caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by developmental delays and heart and other defects that are generally treatable or non life threatening. |
| genomic imprinting | A phenomenon in which expression of an allele is inherited from the male or female parent. |
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lizhopper2
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