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Earthquake
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stress | The force that acts on rock to change it's shape or volume |
| Tension | The stress force that pulls on the crust and thins the rock in the middle |
| Compression | The stress force that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks |
| Shearing | Stress that pushes rock in two opposite directions |
| Normal fault | Where rock is pulled apart by tension in Earth's crust |
| Reverse Fault | The same structure as a normal fault but the blocks move in a reverse direction |
| Strike-slip fault | The rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other side ways with a little up or down motion |
| Plateau | A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level |
| Earthquake | The shaking and trembling that results from movement of rock beneath earths surface |
| focus | An area beneath Earth's surface where rock begins that was under stress begins to break or move |
| Epicenter | The point on the surface directly above the focus |
| P waves | Are seismic waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordion |
| S waves | Seismic waves that can vibrate from side to side or up and down |
| Surface waves | Move slower than P and S waves but they can produce more severe ground movements |
| Seismograph | An instrument that records and measures and earthquake's seismic waves |
| Richter Scale | This rates the magnitude of small earthquakes based on the size of the earthquake's waves as recorded by seismographs |
| Magnitude | Is a single number that geologists assign to an earthquake based on the earthquakes size |
| Modified Mercalli Scale | This rates the amount of shaking from an earthquake |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | Rates the total energy an earthquake releases |
| Seismograph | Is the record of pattern lines of an earthquakes seismic waves |