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Earthquake

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TermDefinition
Stress The force that acts on rock to change it's shape or volume
Tension The stress force that pulls on the crust and thins the rock in the middle
Compression The stress force that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
Shearing Stress that pushes rock in two opposite directions
Normal fault Where rock is pulled apart by tension in Earth's crust
Reverse Fault The same structure as a normal fault but the blocks move in a reverse direction
Strike-slip fault The rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other side ways with a little up or down motion
Plateau A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level
Earthquake The shaking and trembling that results from movement of rock beneath earths surface
focus An area beneath Earth's surface where rock begins that was under stress begins to break or move
Epicenter The point on the surface directly above the focus
P waves Are seismic waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordion
S waves Seismic waves that can vibrate from side to side or up and down
Surface waves Move slower than P and S waves but they can produce more severe ground movements
Seismograph An instrument that records and measures and earthquake's seismic waves
Richter Scale This rates the magnitude of small earthquakes based on the size of the earthquake's waves as recorded by seismographs
Magnitude Is a single number that geologists assign to an earthquake based on the earthquakes size
Modified Mercalli Scale This rates the amount of shaking from an earthquake
Moment Magnitude Scale Rates the total energy an earthquake releases
Seismograph Is the record of pattern lines of an earthquakes seismic waves
Popular Earth Science sets

 

 



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